Artifact
type: Class
subclass of: CorpuscularObject
comment: A CorpuscularObject that is the product of a Making.

CorpuscularObject
type: Class
subclass of: SelfConnectedObject
comment: A SelfConnectedObject whose parts have properties that are not shared by the whole.
disjoint with: Transitway
disjoint with: Substance

Battle
type: Class
comment: A ViolentContest between two or more military units within the context of a war. Note that this does not cover the metaphorical sense of 'battle', which simply means a struggle of some sort. This sense should be represented with the more general concept of Contest.
subclass of: ViolentContest
disjoint with: War

ViolentContest
type: Class
disjoint with: LegalAction
disjoint with: Game
subclass of: Contest
comment: A Contest where one participant attempts to physically injure another participant.

War
type: Class
comment: A military confrontation between two or more GeopoliticalAreas or Organizations whose members are GeopoliticalAreas. As the corresponding axiom specifies, a War is made up of Battles.
subclass of: ViolentContest
disjoint with: Battle

KiloByte
type: Class
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: EuroCent
disjoint with: Quart
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: Bit
disjoint with: WeekDuration
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: DayDuration
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: EuroDollar
disjoint with: Inch
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
disjoint with: Cup
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
disjoint with: PoundMass
disjoint with: MegaByte
disjoint with: Pint
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
subclass of: InformationMeasure
disjoint with: HourDuration
comment: One KiloByte (KB) of information. One KiloByte is 1024 Bytes. Note that this sense of 'kilo' is different from the one accepted in the SI system.

UnitedStatesDollar
type: Class
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: HourDuration
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
disjoint with: EuroCent
disjoint with: DayDuration
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
disjoint with: MegaByte
disjoint with: EuroDollar
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: WeekDuration
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: Bit
disjoint with: Cup
disjoint with: PoundMass
subclass of: CurrencyMeasure
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: Pint
disjoint with: Quart
disjoint with: Inch
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: KiloByte
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
comment: A currency measure.
disjoint with: Calorie

PoundMass
type: Class
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: KiloByte
disjoint with: Inch
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: Gram
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: Cup
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: MegaByte
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: Bit
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: WeekDuration
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: EuroDollar
disjoint with: Quart
comment: English mass unit of pounds.
disjoint with: HourDuration
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: Pint
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: EuroCent
disjoint with: DayDuration
subclass of: MassMeasure
disjoint with: Byte
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure

FahrenheitDegree
type: Class
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: KiloByte
disjoint with: Pint
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: CelsiusDegree
disjoint with: HourDuration
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: Inch
subclass of: TemperatureMeasure
disjoint with: Quart
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: PoundMass
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: MegaByte
comment: A TemperatureMeasure that is commonly used in the United States. On the Fahrenheit scale, the freezing point of water is 32 FahrenheitDegrees, and the boiling point of water is 212 FahrenheitDegrees
disjoint with: EuroDollar
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: WeekDuration
disjoint with: KelvinDegree
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: Cup
disjoint with: DayDuration
disjoint with: EuroCent
disjoint with: Calorie
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
disjoint with: Bit

SystemeInternationalUnit
type: Class
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: KiloByte
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: Quart
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: MegaByte
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: Cup
disjoint with: Bit
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: Inch
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: WeekDuration
disjoint with: EuroCent
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
comment: The Class of Systeme International (SI) units.
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
disjoint with: DayDuration
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: HourDuration
disjoint with: PoundMass
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
disjoint with: Pint
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: EuroDollar

EuroCent
type: Class
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: PoundMass
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: Quart
comment: A currency measure. 1 EuroCent is equal to .01 EuroDollars
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: Pint
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: HourDuration
disjoint with: WeekDuration
disjoint with: DayDuration
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: Bit
disjoint with: MegaByte
disjoint with: Inch
disjoint with: EuroDollar
subclass of: CurrencyMeasure
disjoint with: Cup
disjoint with: KiloByte

HourDuration
type: Class
disjoint with: Inch
subclass of: TimeDuration
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: Bit
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: KiloByte
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: EuroDollar
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: Centimeter
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: PoundMass
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: DayDuration
disjoint with: MegaByte
disjoint with: Quart
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: Cup
disjoint with: Pint
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
comment: Time unit. 1 hour = 60 minutes.
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: WeekDuration
disjoint with: EuroCent
disjoint with: MinuteDuration

RankineDegree
type: Class
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
disjoint with: PoundMass
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: Pint
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
subclass of: TemperatureMeasure
disjoint with: Bit
disjoint with: DayDuration
disjoint with: Liter
comment: A TemperatureMeasure. Note that 0 RankineDegrees is the same as the absolute zero (i.e. 0 KelvinDegrees).
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: Quart
disjoint with: Inch
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: EuroCent
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: KelvinDegree
disjoint with: MegaByte
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: KiloByte
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: Cup
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: CelsiusDegree
disjoint with: WeekDuration
disjoint with: EuroDollar
disjoint with: HourDuration

Mile
type: Class
disjoint with: Quart
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: Cup
disjoint with: Meter
disjoint with: EuroDollar
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: Bit
disjoint with: WeekDuration
comment: English length unit of miles.
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: MegaByte
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
disjoint with: Pint
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: DayDuration
subclass of: LengthMeasure
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: KiloByte
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: Inch
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: HourDuration
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
disjoint with: PoundMass
disjoint with: EuroCent
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit

FunctionQuantity
type: Class
comment: A FunctionQuantity is a PhysicalQuantity that is returned by a Function that maps from one or more instances of ConstantQuantity to another instance of ConstantQuantity. For example, the velocity of a particle would be represented by a FunctionQuantity relating values of time (which are ConstantQuantities) to values of distance (also ConstantQuantities). Note that all elements of the range of the Function corresponding to a FunctionQuantity have the same physical dimension as the FunctionQuantity itself.
subclass of: PhysicalQuantity
disjoint with: ConstantQuantity

DayDuration
type: Class
disjoint with: Inch
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: HourDuration
disjoint with: Bit
disjoint with: KiloByte
subclass of: TimeDuration
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: Cup
disjoint with: EuroCent
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: MegaByte
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
disjoint with: EuroDollar
disjoint with: PoundMass
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: WeekDuration
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: YearDuration
comment: Time unit. 1 day = 24 hours.
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
disjoint with: Quart
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: Pint

WeekDuration
type: Class
disjoint with: MegaByte
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: Quart
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: EuroDollar
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
disjoint with: Pint
disjoint with: Inch
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: HourDuration
comment: Time unit. A week's duration is seven days.
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: PoundMass
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: Bit
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: DayDuration
subclass of: TimeDuration
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: EuroCent
disjoint with: KiloByte
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: Cup

Centimeter
type: Class
disjoint with: Inch
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
subclass of: LengthMeasure
disjoint with: PoundMass
disjoint with: HourDuration
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: Pint
comment: Submultiple of Meter. Symbol: cm. It is the 100th part of a Meter
disjoint with: Meter
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: Quart
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: KiloByte
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: MegaByte
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: EuroCent
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: EuroDollar
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: WeekDuration
disjoint with: DayDuration
disjoint with: Cup
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
disjoint with: Bit

UnitedStatesCent
type: Class
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: Pint
disjoint with: WeekDuration
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: Cup
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: PoundMass
subclass of: CurrencyMeasure
disjoint with: EuroCent
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: Bit
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
disjoint with: Inch
disjoint with: DayDuration
disjoint with: MegaByte
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: Quart
comment: A currency measure. 1 UnitedStatesCent is equal to .01 UnitedStatesDollars.
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: KiloByte
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: HourDuration
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: EuroDollar
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree

Inch
type: Class
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: KiloByte
disjoint with: PoundMass
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: Bit
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: Pint
disjoint with: Cup
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: EuroCent
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: WeekDuration
disjoint with: EuroDollar
disjoint with: Meter
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: HourDuration
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
subclass of: LengthMeasure
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: MegaByte
comment: English length unit of inches.
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: Quart
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
disjoint with: DayDuration
disjoint with: RankineDegree

YearDuration
type: Class
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: Quart
disjoint with: Inch
disjoint with: KiloByte
disjoint with: EuroCent
subclass of: TimeDuration
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: Cup
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: WeekDuration
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: EuroDollar
disjoint with: Pint
disjoint with: HourDuration
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
disjoint with: Centimeter
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: MegaByte
comment: Time unit. one calendar year. 1 year = 365 days = 31536000 seconds.
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
disjoint with: Bit
disjoint with: DayDuration
disjoint with: PoundMass

MinuteDuration
type: Class
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: AngularDegree
comment: Time unit. 1 minute = 60 seconds.
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: HourDuration
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
disjoint with: MegaByte
disjoint with: KiloByte
disjoint with: Inch
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: WeekDuration
disjoint with: Quart
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: DayDuration
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: Mile
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
subclass of: TimeDuration
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: PoundMass
disjoint with: Bit
disjoint with: EuroCent
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: Pint
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: EuroDollar
disjoint with: Cup
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree

Byte
type: Class
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: Cup
disjoint with: Pint
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: Bit
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: KiloByte
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: HourDuration
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: DayDuration
comment: One Byte of information. A Byte is eight Bits.
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
disjoint with: WeekDuration
disjoint with: PoundMass
disjoint with: MegaByte
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: EuroDollar
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: Quart
disjoint with: EuroCent
subclass of: InformationMeasure
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: Inch

UnitOfMeasure
type: Class
subclass of: PhysicalQuantity
comment: A standard of measurement for some dimension. For example, the Meter is a UnitOfMeasure for the dimension of length, as is the Inch. There is no intrinsic property of a UnitOfMeasure that makes it primitive or fundamental; rather, a system of units (e.g. SystemeInternationalUnit) defines a set of orthogonal dimensions and assigns units for each.

AngularDegree
type: Class
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
disjoint with: Inch
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
disjoint with: Quart
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: Radian
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
disjoint with: Bit
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: WeekDuration
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: HourDuration
disjoint with: EuroCent
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: DayDuration
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: KiloByte
disjoint with: MegaByte
disjoint with: PoundMass
comment: A plane angle measure
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
disjoint with: Pint
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: EuroDollar
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: Cup
subclass of: PlaneAngleMeasure

MegaByte
type: Class
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
subclass of: InformationMeasure
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: PoundMass
disjoint with: Pint
disjoint with: DayDuration
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: FootLength
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
disjoint with: WeekDuration
disjoint with: HourDuration
disjoint with: EuroCent
disjoint with: Inch
disjoint with: EuroDollar
comment: One MegaByte (MB) of information. One MegaByte is 1024 KiloBytes. Note that this sense of 'mega' is different from the one accepted in the SI system.
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: Cup
disjoint with: KiloByte
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: Bit
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: Quart

UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity
type: Class
comment: The class of FunctionQuantities that are returned by UnaryFunctions that map from the Class ConstantQuantity to the Class ConstantQuantity.
subclass of: FunctionQuantity
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit

Bit
type: Class
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
disjoint with: Quart
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: HourDuration
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
disjoint with: EuroCent
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
comment: One Bit of information. A one or a zero.
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: WeekDuration
subclass of: InformationMeasure
disjoint with: DayDuration
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: EuroDollar
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: Cup
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: Pint
disjoint with: PoundMass
disjoint with: MegaByte
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: Inch
disjoint with: KiloByte

FootLength
type: Class
disjoint with: PoundMass
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: Inch
disjoint with: HourDuration
disjoint with: Ounce
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
subclass of: LengthMeasure
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: Calorie
disjoint with: Bit
disjoint with: EuroDollar
disjoint with: DayDuration
disjoint with: Pint
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
comment: English length unit of feet
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
disjoint with: EuroCent
disjoint with: Meter
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: Quart
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: Cup
disjoint with: MegaByte
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: KiloByte
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: WeekDuration

EuroDollar
type: Class
disjoint with: BritishThermalUnit
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: WeekDuration
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
disjoint with: Ounce
comment: A currency measure of most European Union countries. It is based on the UnitedStatesDollar.
disjoint with: YearDuration
disjoint with: HourDuration
disjoint with: MegaByte
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: Inch
disjoint with: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: UnitedStatesDollar
disjoint with: Liter
disjoint with: EuroCent
disjoint with: KiloByte
subclass of: UnitOfMeasure
disjoint with: PoundMass
disjoint with: MinuteDuration
disjoint with: Quart
disjoint with: Byte
disjoint with: Bit
disjoint with: RankineDegree
subclass of: CurrencyMeasure
disjoint with: FootLength
disjoint with: AngularDegree
disjoint with: Pint
disjoint with: DayDuration
disjoint with: UnitedStatesCent
disjoint with: Cup
disjoint with: UnitedStatesGallon
disjoint with: Calorie

Publication
type: Class
comment: The Manufacture of Texts. Note that there is no implication that the Texts are distributed. Such distribution, when it occurs, is an instance of Dissemination.
subclass of: ContentDevelopment
subclass of: Manufacture
disjoint with: Writing
disjoint with: Translating
disjoint with: Reading

ContentDevelopment
type: Class
disjoint with: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: Maintaining
disjoint with: Keeping
subclass of: IntentionalProcess
disjoint with: Maneuver
disjoint with: Listening
disjoint with: SocialInteraction
disjoint with: Pursuing
disjoint with: Poking
disjoint with: OrganizationalProcess
disjoint with: Guiding
disjoint with: Looking
disjoint with: RecreationOrExercise
disjoint with: Repairing
comment: A subclass of IntentionalProcess in which content is modified, its form is altered or it is created anew.

Manufacture
type: Class
comment: The Making of Artifacts on a mass scale.
subclass of: Making
disjoint with: Cooking
disjoint with: Constructing

Writing
type: Class
disjoint with: Translating
disjoint with: Reading
disjoint with: Publication
subclass of: ContentDevelopment
comment: A subclass of ContentDevelopment in which content is converted from one form (e.g. uttered, written or represented mentally) into a written form. Note that this class covers both transcription and original creation of written Texts.

Translating
type: Class
disjoint with: Publication
disjoint with: Substituting
disjoint with: Comparing
disjoint with: Writing
subclass of: ContentDevelopment
disjoint with: Combining
subclass of: DualObjectProcess
disjoint with: Reading
disjoint with: Attaching
disjoint with: Detaching
disjoint with: Separating
disjoint with: Transaction
comment: Converting content from one Language into another. This covers oral translation (i.e. interpreting) as well as written translation.

Reading
type: Class
subclass of: ContentDevelopment
disjoint with: Writing
disjoint with: Translating
disjoint with: Publication
comment: A subclass of ContentDevelopment in which content is converted from a written form into a spoken representation. Note that the class Interpreting should be used in cases where a Text is read silently.

Mineral
type: Class
subclass of: Substance
comment: Any of various naturally occurring homogeneous substances (such as stone, coal, salt, sulfur, sand, petroleum), or synthetic substances having the chemical composition and crystalline form and properties of a naturally occurring mineral.
disjoint with: SyntheticSubstance
disjoint with: NaturalSubstance
disjoint with: Mixture

Substance
type: Class
disjoint with: Transitway
disjoint with: CorpuscularObject
subclass of: SelfConnectedObject
comment: An Object in which every part is similar to every other in every relevant respect. More precisely, something is a Substance when it has only arbitrary pieces as parts - any parts have properties which are similar to those of the whole. Note that a Substance may nonetheless have physical properties that vary. For example, the temperature, chemical constitution, density, etc. may change from one part to another. An example would be a body of water.

SyntheticSubstance
type: Class
comment: Any Substance that is the result of an IntentionalProcess, i.e. any substance that is created by Humans.
subclass of: Substance
disjoint with: NaturalSubstance
disjoint with: Mixture
disjoint with: Mineral

NaturalSubstance
type: Class
disjoint with: SyntheticSubstance
disjoint with: Mixture
disjoint with: Mineral
comment: Any Substance that is not the result of an IntentionalProcess, i.e. any substance that occurs naturally.
subclass of: Substance

Mixture
type: Class
disjoint with: SyntheticSubstance
disjoint with: NaturalSubstance
disjoint with: Mineral
comment: A Mixture is two or more PureSubstances, combined in varying proportions - each retaining its own specific properties. The components of a Mixture can be separated by physical means, i.e. without the making and breaking of chemical bonds. Examples: Air, table salt thoroughly dissolved in water, milk, wood, and concrete.
subclass of: Substance

TimeMeasure
type: Class
disjoint with: AreaMeasure
disjoint with: InformationMeasure
disjoint with: TemperatureMeasure
disjoint with: LengthMeasure
subclass of: ConstantQuantity
comment: The class of temporal durations (instances of TimeDuration) and positions of TimePoints and TimeIntervals along the universal timeline (instances of TimePosition).
disjoint with: AngleMeasure
disjoint with: VolumeMeasure
disjoint with: CurrencyMeasure
disjoint with: MassMeasure

AreaMeasure
type: Class
disjoint with: MassMeasure
comment: Measures of the amount of space in two dimensions.
disjoint with: AngleMeasure
disjoint with: TemperatureMeasure
disjoint with: InformationMeasure
disjoint with: TimeMeasure
disjoint with: LengthMeasure
subclass of: ConstantQuantity
disjoint with: VolumeMeasure
disjoint with: CurrencyMeasure

InformationMeasure
type: Class
disjoint with: TimeMeasure
disjoint with: AngleMeasure
subclass of: ConstantQuantity
disjoint with: LengthMeasure
comment: Measures of the amount of information. Includes Bit, Byte, and multiples of these, e.g. KiloByte and MegaByte.
disjoint with: VolumeMeasure
disjoint with: TemperatureMeasure
disjoint with: AreaMeasure
disjoint with: CurrencyMeasure
disjoint with: MassMeasure

TemperatureMeasure
type: Class
disjoint with: TimeMeasure
disjoint with: AngleMeasure
disjoint with: InformationMeasure
comment: Measures of temperature. In scientific circles, the temperature of something is understood as the average velocity of the atoms or molecules that make up the thing.
disjoint with: AreaMeasure
disjoint with: CurrencyMeasure
disjoint with: MassMeasure
subclass of: ConstantQuantity
disjoint with: LengthMeasure
disjoint with: VolumeMeasure

LengthMeasure
type: Class
disjoint with: CurrencyMeasure
disjoint with: TemperatureMeasure
disjoint with: AngleMeasure
disjoint with: TimeMeasure
disjoint with: MassMeasure
disjoint with: InformationMeasure
subclass of: ConstantQuantity
disjoint with: AreaMeasure
comment: The Class of ConstantQuantities relating to length.
disjoint with: VolumeMeasure

ConstantQuantity
type: Class
subclass of: PhysicalQuantity
disjoint with: FunctionQuantity
comment: A ConstantQuantity is a PhysicalQuantity which has a constant value, e.g. 3 meters and 5 hours. The magnitude (see MagnitudeFn) of every ConstantQuantity is a RealNumber. ConstantQuantities are distinguished from FunctionQuantities, which map ConstantQuantities to other ConstantQuantities. All ConstantQuantites are expressed with the BinaryFunction MeasureFn, which takes a Number and a UnitOfMeasure as arguments. For example, 3 Meters can be expressed as (MeasureFn 3 Meter). ConstantQuantities form a partial order (see PartialOrderingRelation) with the lessThan relation, since lessThan is a RelationExtendedToQuantities and lessThan is defined over the RealNumbers. The lessThan relation is not a total order (see TotalOrderingRelation) over the class ConstantQuantity since elements of some subclasses of ConstantQuantity (such as length quantities) are incomparable to elements of other subclasses of ConstantQuantity (such as mass quantities).

AngleMeasure
type: Class
subclass of: ConstantQuantity
comment: The value of an angle in a plane or in a solid.
disjoint with: CurrencyMeasure
disjoint with: MassMeasure
disjoint with: InformationMeasure
disjoint with: AreaMeasure
disjoint with: TemperatureMeasure
disjoint with: VolumeMeasure
disjoint with: TimeMeasure
disjoint with: LengthMeasure

VolumeMeasure
type: Class
disjoint with: InformationMeasure
comment: Measures of the amount of space in three dimensions.
disjoint with: LengthMeasure
disjoint with: AreaMeasure
disjoint with: AngleMeasure
subclass of: ConstantQuantity
disjoint with: TemperatureMeasure
disjoint with: CurrencyMeasure
disjoint with: TimeMeasure
disjoint with: MassMeasure

CurrencyMeasure
type: Class
disjoint with: TemperatureMeasure
disjoint with: LengthMeasure
disjoint with: MassMeasure
disjoint with: TimeMeasure
subclass of: ConstantQuantity
disjoint with: AreaMeasure
disjoint with: AngleMeasure
disjoint with: InformationMeasure
comment: Includes all standard measures of monetary value, including UnitedStatesDollar, UnitedStatesCent, Lire, Yen, etc.
disjoint with: VolumeMeasure

MassMeasure
type: Class
disjoint with: VolumeMeasure
comment: The Class of ConstantQuantities relating to the amount of matter in an Object.
disjoint with: TemperatureMeasure
disjoint with: LengthMeasure
disjoint with: AngleMeasure
disjoint with: AreaMeasure
disjoint with: TimeMeasure
subclass of: ConstantQuantity
disjoint with: InformationMeasure
disjoint with: CurrencyMeasure

Listening
type: Class
comment: Any instance of Hearing which is intentional.
disjoint with: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: Guiding
disjoint with: Pursuing
subclass of: IntentionalProcess
disjoint with: RecreationOrExercise
disjoint with: Looking
disjoint with: SocialInteraction
disjoint with: Keeping
disjoint with: ContentDevelopment
disjoint with: Maintaining
disjoint with: Maneuver
disjoint with: Making
disjoint with: Repairing
disjoint with: Poking
disjoint with: OrganizationalProcess

IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
type: Class
disjoint with: Repairing
disjoint with: Maintaining
disjoint with: Guiding
disjoint with: Maneuver
comment: An IntentionalProcess that can be realized entirely within the mind or brain of an Organism. Thus, for example, Reasoning is a subclass of IntentionalPsychologicalProcess, because one can reason simply by exercising one's mind/brain. On the other hand, RecreationOrExercise is not a subclass of IntentionalPsychologicalProcess, because many instances of RecreationOrExercise necessarily have subProcesses of BodyMotion.
disjoint with: RecreationOrExercise
disjoint with: Making
disjoint with: ContentDevelopment
disjoint with: Looking
disjoint with: OrganizationalProcess
disjoint with: Poking
disjoint with: Listening
subclass of: IntentionalProcess
disjoint with: SocialInteraction
disjoint with: Pursuing
disjoint with: Keeping

Guiding
type: Class
comment: Any IntentionalProcess where the agent tries to direct the behavior of another Object, whether an Agent or not.
disjoint with: RecreationOrExercise
disjoint with: ContentDevelopment
disjoint with: Repairing
disjoint with: Maneuver
disjoint with: SocialInteraction
disjoint with: Keeping
disjoint with: Pursuing
disjoint with: Maintaining
disjoint with: Looking
disjoint with: Making
disjoint with: Poking
subclass of: IntentionalProcess
disjoint with: Listening
disjoint with: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess

Pursuing
type: Class
disjoint with: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: ContentDevelopment
disjoint with: OrganizationalProcess
disjoint with: Maneuver
disjoint with: Poking
disjoint with: Guiding
disjoint with: Making
disjoint with: Keeping
subclass of: IntentionalProcess
comment: The class of IntentionalProcesses where something is sought. Some examples would be hunting, shopping, trawling, and stalking.
disjoint with: Listening
disjoint with: Looking
disjoint with: Maintaining
disjoint with: Repairing
disjoint with: SocialInteraction
disjoint with: RecreationOrExercise

IntentionalProcess
type: Class
comment: A Process that has a specific purpose for the CognitiveAgent who performs it.
subclass of: Process

RecreationOrExercise
type: Class
disjoint with: Repairing
disjoint with: Maneuver
disjoint with: Pursuing
disjoint with: Maintaining
disjoint with: Listening
subclass of: IntentionalProcess
disjoint with: ContentDevelopment
disjoint with: Guiding
disjoint with: Looking
disjoint with: Keeping
comment: A Process that is carried out for the purpose of recreation or exercise. Since RecreationOrExercise is a subclass of IntentionalProcess, the intent of a process determines whether or not it is an instance of the class. Hence, if John and Bill watch the same program on television, and John watches it to relax while Bill watches it solely to satisfy an educational requirement, then John's watching the movie is an instance of RecreationOrExercise, while Bill's is not (both cases of watching the television program would however be in the class of Seeing, since being an instance of this latter class is not determined by intention).
disjoint with: Poking
disjoint with: OrganizationalProcess
disjoint with: Making
disjoint with: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess

Looking
type: Class
disjoint with: Maneuver
disjoint with: Repairing
disjoint with: Poking
disjoint with: OrganizationalProcess
disjoint with: ContentDevelopment
disjoint with: SocialInteraction
disjoint with: Pursuing
disjoint with: Making
comment: Any instance of Seeing which is intentional.
disjoint with: Listening
disjoint with: Keeping
disjoint with: Maintaining
disjoint with: RecreationOrExercise
disjoint with: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: Guiding
subclass of: IntentionalProcess

SocialInteraction
type: Class
disjoint with: ContentDevelopment
disjoint with: Repairing
subclass of: IntentionalProcess
comment: The subclass of IntentionalProcess that involves interactions between CognitiveAgents.
disjoint with: Keeping
disjoint with: Looking
disjoint with: Guiding
disjoint with: Pursuing
disjoint with: Making
disjoint with: Listening
disjoint with: Poking
disjoint with: Maneuver
disjoint with: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: Maintaining

Keeping
type: Class
disjoint with: Maneuver
disjoint with: Making
disjoint with: Repairing
disjoint with: OrganizationalProcess
comment: The Class of Processes where the agent keeps something in a particular location for an extended period of time.
disjoint with: Listening
disjoint with: SocialInteraction
disjoint with: Pursuing
disjoint with: RecreationOrExercise
disjoint with: Looking
disjoint with: Maintaining
disjoint with: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: Guiding
disjoint with: ContentDevelopment
subclass of: IntentionalProcess
disjoint with: Poking

Maintaining
type: Class
comment: The Class of Processes where the agent cares for or maintains the Object.
disjoint with: ContentDevelopment
disjoint with: Poking
disjoint with: Listening
disjoint with: OrganizationalProcess
subclass of: IntentionalProcess
disjoint with: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: Pursuing
disjoint with: SocialInteraction
disjoint with: Repairing
disjoint with: RecreationOrExercise
disjoint with: Keeping
disjoint with: Guiding
disjoint with: Making
disjoint with: Looking
disjoint with: Maneuver

Maneuver
type: Class
disjoint with: Looking
subclass of: IntentionalProcess
disjoint with: Keeping
disjoint with: Repairing
disjoint with: Guiding
disjoint with: SocialInteraction
disjoint with: Listening
disjoint with: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: RecreationOrExercise
comment: An intentional move or play within a Contest. In many cases, a Maneuver is a realization of part of a strategy for winning the Contest, but it also may be just an arbitrary or semi-arbitrary division of the overarching Contest, e.g. innings in a baseball game.
disjoint with: OrganizationalProcess
disjoint with: ContentDevelopment
disjoint with: Pursuing
disjoint with: Making
disjoint with: Maintaining
disjoint with: Poking

Making
type: Class
disjoint with: Listening
disjoint with: RecreationOrExercise
disjoint with: Looking
disjoint with: Guiding
subclass of: Creation
disjoint with: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: Poking
disjoint with: Maintaining
disjoint with: Keeping
comment: The subclass of Creation in which an individual Artifact or a type of Artifact is made.
disjoint with: SocialInteraction
disjoint with: Maneuver
disjoint with: Pursuing
subclass of: IntentionalProcess
disjoint with: Repairing

Repairing
type: Class
disjoint with: Pursuing
disjoint with: OrganizationalProcess
disjoint with: Maintaining
disjoint with: Listening
disjoint with: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: Guiding
disjoint with: Poking
disjoint with: Keeping
disjoint with: Making
disjoint with: Maneuver
disjoint with: RecreationOrExercise
disjoint with: ContentDevelopment
disjoint with: Looking
disjoint with: SocialInteraction
subclass of: IntentionalProcess
comment: The Class of Processes where the agent makes a modification or series of modifications to an Object that is not functioning as intended so that it works properly.

Poking
type: Class
disjoint with: RecreationOrExercise
disjoint with: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: Listening
disjoint with: Maintaining
comment: The Class of Processes where the agent pierces the surface of the Object with an instrument.
disjoint with: Maneuver
disjoint with: ContentDevelopment
subclass of: IntentionalProcess
disjoint with: Repairing
disjoint with: Guiding
disjoint with: SocialInteraction
disjoint with: Making
disjoint with: OrganizationalProcess
disjoint with: Looking
disjoint with: Keeping
disjoint with: Pursuing

OrganizationalProcess
type: Class
disjoint with: Keeping
disjoint with: ContentDevelopment
disjoint with: Looking
disjoint with: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
comment: An IntentionalProcess that involves an Organization.
disjoint with: Maneuver
disjoint with: Poking
disjoint with: Pursuing
subclass of: IntentionalProcess
disjoint with: Listening
disjoint with: Repairing
disjoint with: Maintaining
disjoint with: RecreationOrExercise

Discovering
type: Class
disjoint with: Reasoning
disjoint with: Calculating
comment: Finding something that was sought. Note that this class is restricted to cases of discovering something Physical. For cases involving the acquisition of knowledge, the class Learning should be used.
disjoint with: Investigating
disjoint with: Learning
disjoint with: Predicting
disjoint with: Selecting
disjoint with: Comparing
disjoint with: Classifying
disjoint with: Designing
disjoint with: Planning
subclass of: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: Interpreting

Reasoning
type: Class
disjoint with: Comparing
disjoint with: Planning
disjoint with: Discovering
disjoint with: Investigating
disjoint with: Interpreting
comment: The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve concluding, on the basis of either deductive or inductive evidence, that a particular Proposition or Sentence is true.
subclass of: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: Designing
disjoint with: Calculating
disjoint with: Learning
disjoint with: Predicting
disjoint with: Selecting
disjoint with: Classifying

Calculating
type: Class
disjoint with: Learning
disjoint with: Designing
disjoint with: Classifying
disjoint with: Predicting
disjoint with: Comparing
disjoint with: Planning
disjoint with: Reasoning
subclass of: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
comment: IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve the consideration and/or manipulation of instances of Quantity.
disjoint with: Discovering
disjoint with: Interpreting
disjoint with: Selecting
disjoint with: Investigating

Investigating
type: Class
disjoint with: Comparing
disjoint with: Interpreting
disjoint with: Classifying
disjoint with: Designing
disjoint with: Selecting
disjoint with: Predicting
disjoint with: Planning
comment: The class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses where the agent attempts to obtaina information (i.e. a Proposition denoted by a Formula).
disjoint with: Discovering
subclass of: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: Calculating
disjoint with: Learning
disjoint with: Reasoning

Learning
type: Class
disjoint with: Reasoning
disjoint with: Comparing
disjoint with: Calculating
disjoint with: Discovering
subclass of: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
comment: The Class of Processes which relate to the acquisition of information.
disjoint with: Classifying
disjoint with: Investigating
disjoint with: Interpreting
disjoint with: Planning
disjoint with: Selecting
disjoint with: Designing
disjoint with: Predicting

Predicting
type: Class
subclass of: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: Interpreting
disjoint with: Discovering
disjoint with: Calculating
disjoint with: Classifying
disjoint with: Planning
disjoint with: Selecting
disjoint with: Investigating
disjoint with: Learning
disjoint with: Comparing
disjoint with: Designing
comment: The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve the formulation of a Proposition about a state of affairs which might be realized in the future.
disjoint with: Reasoning

Selecting
type: Class
disjoint with: Predicting
disjoint with: Planning
disjoint with: Investigating
disjoint with: Learning
disjoint with: Designing
comment: The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve opting for one or more Entity out of a larger set of Entities. Note that this covers all cases of judging or evaluating.
disjoint with: Calculating
disjoint with: Discovering
disjoint with: Interpreting
disjoint with: Reasoning
disjoint with: Classifying
disjoint with: Comparing
subclass of: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess

Comparing
type: Class
disjoint with: Separating
disjoint with: Discovering
disjoint with: Reasoning
disjoint with: Designing
subclass of: DualObjectProcess
disjoint with: Learning
disjoint with: Planning
disjoint with: Attaching
disjoint with: Combining
disjoint with: Classifying
comment: The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve comparing, relating, contrasting, etc. the properties of two or more Entities.
disjoint with: Investigating
disjoint with: Transaction
disjoint with: Interpreting
subclass of: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: Calculating
disjoint with: Detaching
disjoint with: Selecting
disjoint with: Translating
disjoint with: Predicting
disjoint with: Substituting

Classifying
type: Class
disjoint with: Reasoning
comment: The Class of IntentionalPsychologicalProcesses which involve attaching a name or category to a thing or set of things. Note that Classifying is distinguished from Learning by the fact that the latter covers the acquisition by a CognitiveAgent of any Proposition, while the former involves the assignment of a label or category.
disjoint with: Calculating
disjoint with: Designing
disjoint with: Planning
disjoint with: Investigating
disjoint with: Comparing
disjoint with: Interpreting
disjoint with: Learning
subclass of: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: Predicting
disjoint with: Selecting
disjoint with: Discovering

Designing
type: Class
disjoint with: Planning
disjoint with: Calculating
disjoint with: Classifying
disjoint with: Discovering
disjoint with: Interpreting
subclass of: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: Comparing
disjoint with: Reasoning
disjoint with: Selecting
comment: The spatial analogue of Planning. Designing a Collection of Objects involves determining a placement of the Objects with respect to one another and perhaps other Objects as well, in order to satisfy a particular purpose.
disjoint with: Learning
disjoint with: Predicting
disjoint with: Investigating

Planning
type: Class
disjoint with: Comparing
disjoint with: Interpreting
disjoint with: Calculating
disjoint with: Learning
comment: Specifying a set of actions in order to meet a set of goals or objectives.
disjoint with: Predicting
disjoint with: Reasoning
disjoint with: Selecting
subclass of: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: Classifying
disjoint with: Designing
disjoint with: Investigating
disjoint with: Discovering

Interpreting
type: Class
disjoint with: Learning
disjoint with: Discovering
disjoint with: Planning
disjoint with: Investigating
comment: Any Process of assigning a Proposition to a Text, i.e. understanding the Text.
disjoint with: Calculating
disjoint with: Predicting
disjoint with: Classifying
disjoint with: Selecting
subclass of: IntentionalPsychologicalProcess
disjoint with: Reasoning
disjoint with: Comparing
disjoint with: Designing

Meter
type: Class
disjoint with: FootLength
comment: SI LengthMeasure. Symbol: m. It is one of the base units in SI, and it is currently defined as follows: the Meter is the length of the path traveled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of 1/299792458 of a SecondDuration.
disjoint with: Radian
disjoint with: Hertz
disjoint with: Gram
subclass of: LengthMeasure
disjoint with: SecondDuration
disjoint with: Steradian
disjoint with: CelsiusDegree
subclass of: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: Centimeter
disjoint with: Mile
disjoint with: Inch
disjoint with: KelvinDegree

TimeDuration
type: Class
comment: Any measure of length of time, with or without respect to the universal timeline.
disjoint with: TimePosition
subclass of: TimeMeasure

January
type: Class
disjoint with: November
disjoint with: February
comment: The Class of all Months which are January.
disjoint with: May
disjoint with: July
disjoint with: August
disjoint with: October
disjoint with: December
disjoint with: April
disjoint with: March
disjoint with: June
subclass of: Month
disjoint with: September

November
type: Class
disjoint with: August
disjoint with: July
disjoint with: January
disjoint with: March
disjoint with: October
disjoint with: June
disjoint with: February
subclass of: Month
disjoint with: April
disjoint with: September
comment: The Class of all Months which are November.
disjoint with: May
disjoint with: December

February
type: Class
comment: The Class of all Months which are February.
disjoint with: August
disjoint with: July
disjoint with: October
disjoint with: January
disjoint with: September
disjoint with: March
disjoint with: April
disjoint with: June
disjoint with: December
disjoint with: May
subclass of: Month
disjoint with: November

May
type: Class
disjoint with: April
disjoint with: July
subclass of: Month
disjoint with: October
disjoint with: August
disjoint with: November
disjoint with: June
disjoint with: February
comment: The Class of all Months which are May.
disjoint with: September
disjoint with: March
disjoint with: January
disjoint with: December

July
type: Class
subclass of: Month
disjoint with: June
disjoint with: November
disjoint with: December
comment: The Class of all Months which are July.
disjoint with: September
disjoint with: February
disjoint with: January
disjoint with: April
disjoint with: May
disjoint with: October
disjoint with: March
disjoint with: August

August
type: Class
disjoint with: April
disjoint with: November
disjoint with: June
subclass of: Month
comment: The Class of all Months which are August.
disjoint with: July
disjoint with: March
disjoint with: May
disjoint with: October
disjoint with: December
disjoint with: January
disjoint with: February
disjoint with: September

October
type: Class
disjoint with: November
disjoint with: March
disjoint with: January
disjoint with: July
disjoint with: August
disjoint with: April
comment: The Class of all Months which are October.
subclass of: Month
disjoint with: June
disjoint with: May
disjoint with: September
disjoint with: December
disjoint with: February

December
type: Class
disjoint with: August
subclass of: Month
disjoint with: March
disjoint with: April
disjoint with: July
disjoint with: September
disjoint with: January
disjoint with: November
disjoint with: February
disjoint with: May
comment: The Class of all Months which are December.
disjoint with: October
disjoint with: June

April
type: Class
disjoint with: January
disjoint with: September
comment: The Class of all Months which are April.
disjoint with: December
disjoint with: July
disjoint with: June
disjoint with: August
disjoint with: May
disjoint with: October
subclass of: Month
disjoint with: February
disjoint with: November
disjoint with: March

March
type: Class
disjoint with: June
disjoint with: December
disjoint with: April
disjoint with: January
disjoint with: July
disjoint with: February
disjoint with: September
disjoint with: May
subclass of: Month
disjoint with: August
comment: The Class of all Months which are March.
disjoint with: November
disjoint with: October

June
type: Class
disjoint with: February
disjoint with: November
disjoint with: September
disjoint with: May
comment: The Class of all Months which are June.
disjoint with: July
disjoint with: August
disjoint with: April
disjoint with: March
disjoint with: January
subclass of: Month
disjoint with: October
disjoint with: December

Month
type: Class
subclass of: TimeInterval
disjoint with: Year
disjoint with: Week
disjoint with: Second
disjoint with: Minute
disjoint with: Hour
disjoint with: Day
comment: The Class of all calendar Months.

September
type: Class
disjoint with: March
disjoint with: November
disjoint with: June
disjoint with: August
disjoint with: January
disjoint with: December
comment: The Class of all Months which are September.
disjoint with: May
disjoint with: February
disjoint with: April
disjoint with: October
subclass of: Month
disjoint with: July

Week
type: Class
disjoint with: Year
disjoint with: Second
disjoint with: Month
disjoint with: Minute
disjoint with: Hour
disjoint with: Day
subclass of: TimeInterval
comment: The Class of all calendar weeks.

Year
type: Class
comment: The Class of all calendar Years.
subclass of: TimeInterval
disjoint with: Week
disjoint with: Second
disjoint with: Month
disjoint with: Minute
disjoint with: Hour
disjoint with: Day

Second
type: Class
subclass of: TimeInterval
disjoint with: Year
disjoint with: Week
disjoint with: Month
disjoint with: Minute
disjoint with: Hour
disjoint with: Day
comment: The Class of all clock Seconds.

Minute
type: Class
subclass of: TimeInterval
disjoint with: Year
disjoint with: Week
disjoint with: Second
disjoint with: Month
disjoint with: Hour
disjoint with: Day
comment: The Class of all clock Minutes.

Hour
type: Class
disjoint with: Year
disjoint with: Week
disjoint with: Second
disjoint with: Month
disjoint with: Minute
disjoint with: Day
subclass of: TimeInterval
comment: The Class of all clock Hours.

Day
type: Class
disjoint with: Year
disjoint with: Week
disjoint with: Second
disjoint with: Month
disjoint with: Minute
disjoint with: Hour
subclass of: TimeInterval
comment: The Class of all calendar Days.

TimeInterval
type: Class
subclass of: TimePosition
comment: An interval of time. Note that a TimeInterval has both an extent and a location on the universal timeline. Note too that a TimeInterval has no gaps, i.e. this class contains only convex time intervals.
disjoint with: TimePoint

Radian
type: Class
comment: SI plane angle measure. Symbol: rad. It is the angle of a circle subtended by an arc equal in length to the circle's radius. Another definition is: the plane angle between two radii of a circle which cut off on the circumference an arc equal in length to the radius. Radian = m/m = 1.
disjoint with: KelvinDegree
disjoint with: CelsiusDegree
disjoint with: AngularDegree
subclass of: PlaneAngleMeasure
disjoint with: Hertz
disjoint with: Steradian
subclass of: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: Gram
disjoint with: Meter
disjoint with: SecondDuration

KelvinDegree
type: Class
disjoint with: CelsiusDegree
subclass of: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: Radian
disjoint with: RankineDegree
subclass of: TemperatureMeasure
disjoint with: SecondDuration
comment: SI TemperatureMeasure. Symbol: K. It is one of the base units in SI (it is also a unit in the ITS system). Kelvin differs from the Celsius scale in that the triple point of water is defined to be 273.16 KelvinDegrees while it is 0 CelsiusDegrees. The magnitudes of intervals in the two scales are the same. By definition the conversion constant is 273.15.
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
disjoint with: Hertz
disjoint with: Gram
disjoint with: Meter
disjoint with: Steradian

CelsiusDegree
type: Class
disjoint with: Radian
subclass of: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: RankineDegree
disjoint with: Meter
disjoint with: Hertz
subclass of: TemperatureMeasure
disjoint with: KelvinDegree
disjoint with: Gram
disjoint with: SecondDuration
disjoint with: Steradian
disjoint with: FahrenheitDegree
comment: A TemperatureMeasure. The freezing point and the boiling point of water are, respectively, 0 CelsiusDegrees and 100 CelsiusDegrees.

PlaneAngleMeasure
type: Class
comment: The value of an angle in a plane.
subclass of: AngleMeasure
disjoint with: SolidAngleMeasure

Hertz
type: Class
disjoint with: Steradian
comment: SI plane angle measure. Symbol: rad. It is the angle of a circle subtended by an arc equal in length to the circle's radius. Another definition is: the plane angle between two radii of a circle which cut off on the circumference an arc equal in length to the radius. Radian = m/m = 1.
subclass of: TimeDependentQuantity
disjoint with: Meter
disjoint with: SecondDuration
disjoint with: KelvinDegree
disjoint with: CelsiusDegree
subclass of: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: Gram
disjoint with: Radian

Steradian
type: Class
comment: SI solid angle measure. Symbol: sr. It is the solid angle of a sphere subtended by a portion of the surface whose area is equal to the square of the sphere's radius. Another definition is: the solid angle which, having its vertex in the center of the sphere, cuts off an area of the surface of the sphere equal to that of a square with sides of length equal to the radius of the sphere. Steradian = m^2/m^2 = 1.
disjoint with: KelvinDegree
disjoint with: SecondDuration
subclass of: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: Hertz
disjoint with: CelsiusDegree
disjoint with: Meter
disjoint with: Radian
subclass of: SolidAngleMeasure
disjoint with: Gram

Gram
type: Class
disjoint with: Radian
disjoint with: Meter
disjoint with: SecondDuration
disjoint with: PoundMass
disjoint with: Steradian
disjoint with: CelsiusDegree
disjoint with: Hertz
comment: Submultiple of kilogram. Symbol: g. 1 kilogram = 1000 Grams.
disjoint with: KelvinDegree
subclass of: SystemeInternationalUnit
subclass of: MassMeasure

SecondDuration
type: Class
subclass of: SystemeInternationalUnit
disjoint with: CelsiusDegree
disjoint with: KelvinDegree
disjoint with: Meter
disjoint with: Hertz
comment: SI TimeDuration. Symbol: s. It is one of the base units in SI, and it is currently defined as follows: the SecondDuration is the duration of 9192631770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium 133 atom.
subclass of: TimeDuration
disjoint with: Radian
disjoint with: Steradian
disjoint with: Gram

Periodical
type: Class
subclass of: Series
comment: A Series whose elements are published separately and on a periodic basis.

Series
type: Class
subclass of: Text
disjoint with: Summary
disjoint with: FictionalText
disjoint with: FactualText
disjoint with: Certificate
disjoint with: Book
disjoint with: Article
comment: A Text consisting of multiple self-contained units. Some examples are an encyclopedia containing a couple dozen volumes, a television series made up of many episodes, a film serial, etc.

Text
type: Class
disjoint with: Phrase
disjoint with: Morpheme
disjoint with: Word
disjoint with: Product
subclass of: Artifact
disjoint with: Device
subclass of: LinguisticExpression
comment: A LinguisticExpression or set of LinguisticExpressions that perform a specific function related to Communication, e.g. express a discourse about a particular topic, and that are inscribed in a CorpuscularObject by Humans.
disjoint with: Sentence
disjoint with: Language

Summary
type: Class
comment: A short Text that is a summary of another, longer Text.
subclass of: Text
disjoint with: Series
disjoint with: FictionalText
disjoint with: FactualText
disjoint with: Certificate
disjoint with: Book
disjoint with: Article

FictionalText
type: Class
comment: The class of Texts that purport to be largely a product of the author's imagination, i.e. the author does not believe that most of the content conveyed by the text is an accurate depiction of the real world. Note that something can be an instance of FictionalText, even if it is completely true. Whether something is a FictionalText is determined by the beliefs of the agent creating the text.
subclass of: Text
disjoint with: Summary
disjoint with: Series
disjoint with: FactualText
disjoint with: Certificate
disjoint with: Book
disjoint with: Article

FactualText
type: Class
disjoint with: Summary
disjoint with: Series
disjoint with: FictionalText
disjoint with: Certificate
disjoint with: Book
disjoint with: Article
subclass of: Text
comment: The class of Texts that purport to reveal facts about the world. Such texts are often known as information or as non-fiction. Note that something can be an instance of FactualText, even if it is wholly inaccurate. Whether something is a FactualText is determined by the beliefs of the agent creating the text.

Certificate
type: Class
comment: A Text that confers a right or obligation on the holder of the Certificate. Note that the right or obligation need not be a legal one, as in the case of an academic diploma that grants certain privileges in the professional world.
disjoint with: Summary
disjoint with: Series
disjoint with: FictionalText
disjoint with: FactualText
disjoint with: Book
disjoint with: Article
subclass of: Text

Book
type: Class
disjoint with: Summary
disjoint with: Series
disjoint with: FictionalText
disjoint with: FactualText
disjoint with: Certificate
disjoint with: Article
subclass of: Text
comment: A Text that has pages and is bound.

Article
type: Class
comment: A relatively short Text that either is unbound or is bound with other Articles in a Book.
disjoint with: Summary
disjoint with: Series
disjoint with: FictionalText
disjoint with: FactualText
disjoint with: Certificate
disjoint with: Book
subclass of: Text

DeonticAttribute
type: Class
comment: A Class containing all of the Attributes relating to the notions of permission, obligation, and prohibition.
disjoint with: ProbabilityAttribute
disjoint with: ContestAttribute
disjoint with: AlethicAttribute
subclass of: ObjectiveNorm

ProbabilityAttribute
type: Class
disjoint with: DeonticAttribute
disjoint with: ContestAttribute
disjoint with: AlethicAttribute
subclass of: ObjectiveNorm
comment: A class containing all of the Attributes relating to objective, qualitative assessments of probability, e.g. Likely and Unlikely.

ContestAttribute
type: Class
disjoint with: ProbabilityAttribute
disjoint with: DeonticAttribute
disjoint with: AlethicAttribute
comment: A Class containing Attributes that are specific to participants in a Contest. In particular, these Attributes indicate the position of one of the agents in the Contest with respect to other agent(s) in the Contest. Some examples of these Attributes are winning, losing, won, lost, etc.
subclass of: ObjectiveNorm

AlethicAttribute
type: Class
disjoint with: ProbabilityAttribute
disjoint with: DeonticAttribute
disjoint with: ContestAttribute
comment: A Class containing all of the Attributes relating to the notions of possibility and necessity.
subclass of: ObjectiveNorm

ObjectiveNorm
type: Class
disjoint with: SubjectiveAssessmentAttribute
subclass of: NormativeAttribute
comment: The Class of NormativeAttributes that are associated with an objective criterion for their attribution, i.e. there is broad consensus about the cases where these attributes are applicable.

Plan
type: Class
disjoint with: ComputerProgram
comment: A specification of a sequence of Processes which is intended to satisfy a specified purpose at some future time.
subclass of: Procedure

ComputerProgram
type: Class
disjoint with: Plan
subclass of: Procedure
comment: A set of instructions in a computer programming language that can be executed by a computer.

Procedure
type: Class
subclass of: Proposition
disjoint with: FieldOfStudy
comment: A sequence-dependent specification. Some examples are ComputerPrograms, finite-state machines, cooking recipes, musical scores, conference schedules, driving directions, and the scripts of plays and movies.

PoliceOrganization
type: Class
comment: Any GovernmentOrganization that is charged with domestic enforcement of the laws of the Government.
disjoint with: MilitaryOrganization
disjoint with: Government
subclass of: GovernmentOrganization

MilitaryOrganization
type: Class
comment: Any heavily armed Organization that is part of a Government and that is charged with representing the Government in international conflicts.
disjoint with: PoliceOrganization
disjoint with: Government
subclass of: GovernmentOrganization

Government
type: Class
subclass of: GovernmentOrganization
disjoint with: PoliceOrganization
disjoint with: MilitaryOrganization
comment: The ruling body of a GeopoliticalArea.

GovernmentOrganization
type: Class
comment: GovernmentOrganization is the class of official Organizations that are concerned with the government of a GeopoliticalArea at some level. They may be a subOrganization of a government.
subclass of: Organization
disjoint with: JudicialOrganization
disjoint with: EducationalOrganization
disjoint with: Corporation

MusicalInstrument
type: Class
comment: A Device which is manipulated by a Human and whose purpose is to produce Music.
subclass of: Device
disjoint with: Weapon
disjoint with: TransportationDevice
disjoint with: MeasuringDevice
disjoint with: Machine
disjoint with: EngineeringComponent
disjoint with: AttachingDevice

Device
type: Class
comment: A Device is an Artifact whose purpose is to serve as an instrument in a specific subclass of Process.
disjoint with: Text
disjoint with: Product
subclass of: Artifact

Weapon
type: Class
comment: The Class of Devices that are designed primarily to damage or destroy Humans/Animals, StationaryArtifacts or the places inhabited by Humans/Animals.
subclass of: Device
disjoint with: TransportationDevice
disjoint with: MusicalInstrument
disjoint with: MeasuringDevice
disjoint with: Machine
disjoint with: EngineeringComponent
disjoint with: AttachingDevice

TransportationDevice
type: Class
disjoint with: Weapon
disjoint with: MusicalInstrument
disjoint with: MeasuringDevice
disjoint with: Machine
disjoint with: EngineeringComponent
disjoint with: AttachingDevice
subclass of: Device
comment: A TransportationDevice is a Device which serves as the instrument in a Transportation Process which carries the patient of the Process from one point to another.

MeasuringDevice
type: Class
disjoint with: Weapon
disjoint with: TransportationDevice
disjoint with: MusicalInstrument
disjoint with: Machine
disjoint with: EngineeringComponent
disjoint with: AttachingDevice
subclass of: Device
comment: Any Device whose purpose is to measure a PhysicalQuantity.

Machine
type: Class
comment: Machines are Devices that that have a well-defined resource and result and that automatically convert the resource into the result.
disjoint with: Weapon
disjoint with: TransportationDevice
disjoint with: MusicalInstrument
disjoint with: MeasuringDevice
disjoint with: EngineeringComponent
disjoint with: AttachingDevice
subclass of: Device

EngineeringComponent
type: Class
subclass of: Device
disjoint with: Weapon
disjoint with: TransportationDevice
disjoint with: MusicalInstrument
disjoint with: MeasuringDevice
disjoint with: Machine
disjoint with: AttachingDevice
comment: A fundamental concept that applies in many engineering domains. An EngineeringComponent is an element of a Device that is a physically whole object, such as one might see listed as standard parts in a catalog. The main difference betweeen EngineeringComponents and arbitrary globs of matter is that EngineeringComponents are object-like in a modeling sense. Thus, an EngineeringComponent is not an arbtrary subregion, but a part of a system with a stable identity.

AttachingDevice
type: Class
comment: A Device whose purpose is to attach one thing to something else, e.g. nails, screws, buttons, etc.
subclass of: Device
disjoint with: Weapon
disjoint with: TransportationDevice
disjoint with: MusicalInstrument
disjoint with: MeasuringDevice
disjoint with: Machine
disjoint with: EngineeringComponent

Singing
type: Class
subclass of: Speaking
comment: Speaking that is also Music.

Speaking
type: Class
subclass of: LinguisticCommunication
comment: Any LinguisticGeneration which is also a Vocalizing, i.e. any LinguisticCommunication by a Human which involves his/her vocal cords.
disjoint with: Supposing
disjoint with: Stating
disjoint with: Directing
disjoint with: Declaring
disjoint with: Committing

GeopoliticalArea
type: Class
comment: Any GeographicArea which is associated with some sort of political structure. This class includes Lands, Cities, districts of cities, counties, etc. Note that the identity of a GeopoliticalArea may remain constant after a change in borders.
subclass of: Agent
subclass of: GeographicArea
disjoint with: WaterArea
disjoint with: SentientAgent
disjoint with: Group
disjoint with: CommercialAgent

Agent
type: Class
subclass of: Object
comment: Something or someone that can act on its own and produce changes in the world.

GeographicArea
type: Class
disjoint with: Hole
comment: A geographic location, generally having definite boundaries. Note that this differs from its immediate superclass Region in that a GeographicArea is a three-dimensional Region of the earth. Accordingly, all astronomical objects other than earth and all one-dimensional and two-dimensional Regions are not classed under GeographicArea.
subclass of: Region

WaterArea
type: Class
disjoint with: LandArea
disjoint with: GeopoliticalArea
subclass of: GeographicArea
comment: A body which is made up predominantly of water, e.g. rivers, lakes, oceans, etc.

SentientAgent
type: Class
subclass of: Agent
disjoint with: GeopoliticalArea
comment: An Agent that has rights but may or may not have responsibilities and the ability to reason. If the latter are present, then the Agent is also an instance of CognitiveAgent. Domesticated animals are an example of SentientAgents that are not also CognitiveAgents.

Group
type: Class
disjoint with: GeopoliticalArea
comment: A Collection of Agents, e.g. a flock of sheep, a herd of goats, or the local Boy Scout troop.
subclass of: Agent
subclass of: Collection

CommercialAgent
type: Class
disjoint with: GeopoliticalArea
subclass of: Agent
comment: An Agent that provides products and/or services for a fee with the aim of making a profit.

Shooting
type: Class
comment: The subclass of Impelling where the patient is a projectile that is fired through the air by means of some sort of Device.
subclass of: Impelling

Impelling
type: Class
comment: The subclass of Transfer where the patient travels through space by means of a sudden, forceful event. Some examples would be shooting, throwing, tossing, etc.
subclass of: Transfer
disjoint with: Touching
disjoint with: Substituting
disjoint with: Removing
disjoint with: Putting
disjoint with: Carrying

GivingBack
type: Class
subclass of: Giving
disjoint with: UnilateralGiving
disjoint with: Lending
disjoint with: Funding
comment: Any instance of Giving where the agent gives something to the destination which was previously given to the agent by the destination, e.g. returing a book that was borrowed from someone.

Giving
type: Class
subclass of: ChangeOfPossession
comment: The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where the agent gives the destination something.
disjoint with: Transaction
disjoint with: Getting

UnilateralGiving
type: Class
subclass of: Giving
comment: Any instance of Giving that is not part of a Transaction. In other words, any instance of Giving where nothing is received in return. Some examples of UnilateralGiving are: honorary awards, gifts, and financial grants.
disjoint with: Lending
disjoint with: GivingBack
disjoint with: Funding

Lending
type: Class
subclass of: Giving
comment: The subclass of Giving Processes where the agent gives the destination something for a limited period of time with the expectation that it will be returned later (perhaps with interest).
disjoint with: UnilateralGiving
disjoint with: GivingBack
disjoint with: Funding

Funding
type: Class
comment: Any instance of Giving where the patient is an instance of Currency. Note that this class covers both financing, e.g. where a firm funds a software company with venture capital with the agreement that a certain percentage of the profits on the investment will be returned to the firm, and instances of UnilateralGiving, e.g. providing a tuition waiver and/or a stipend to a student as part of scholarship or fellowship.
subclass of: Giving
disjoint with: UnilateralGiving
disjoint with: Lending
disjoint with: GivingBack

Judging
type: Class
subclass of: Selecting
comment: The subclass of Selecting where the agent opts for one belief out of a set of multiple possibilities that are available to him/her.
disjoint with: Deciding

Deciding
type: Class
disjoint with: Judging
comment: The subclass of Selecting where the agent opts for one course of action out of a set of multiple possibilities that are open to him/her.
subclass of: Selecting

Managing
type: Class
disjoint with: RegulatoryProcess
disjoint with: LeavingAnOrganization
comment: OrganizationalProcesses that involve overseeing the activities of others. Note the key differences between RegulatoryProcess and its sibling Managing. The latter implies a long-term relationship between the manager and the managed, while the former implies a normative standard to which the activities of the regulated are referred.
disjoint with: Election
disjoint with: JoiningAnOrganization
disjoint with: EducationalProcess
disjoint with: ReligiousProcess
subclass of: Guiding
disjoint with: PoliticalProcess
subclass of: OrganizationalProcess
disjoint with: Driving

RegulatoryProcess
type: Class
subclass of: Guiding
disjoint with: Managing
disjoint with: EducationalProcess
disjoint with: Driving
comment: an Guiding whose aim is the enforcement of rules or regulations. Note the key differences between RegulatoryProcess and the related concept Managing. The latter implies a long-term relationship between a single manager and limited number of agents who are managed, while the former implies a normative standard to which the activities of the regulated are referred.

LeavingAnOrganization
type: Class
disjoint with: ReligiousProcess
disjoint with: PoliticalProcess
disjoint with: Managing
disjoint with: JoiningAnOrganization
disjoint with: Election
subclass of: OrganizationalProcess
comment: The OrganizationalProcess of leaving an Organization, whether voluntarily or involuntarily.

Election
type: Class
comment: Election is the class of events conducted by an organization, in which qualified participants vote for officers, adopt resolutions, or settle other issues in that Organization.
subclass of: OrganizationalProcess
disjoint with: ReligiousProcess
disjoint with: PoliticalProcess
disjoint with: Managing
disjoint with: LeavingAnOrganization
disjoint with: JoiningAnOrganization

JoiningAnOrganization
type: Class
subclass of: OrganizationalProcess
disjoint with: ReligiousProcess
disjoint with: PoliticalProcess
disjoint with: Managing
disjoint with: LeavingAnOrganization
disjoint with: Election
comment: The OrganizationalProcess of becoming a member of an Organization.

EducationalProcess
type: Class
disjoint with: RegulatoryProcess
disjoint with: Managing
disjoint with: Driving
subclass of: Guiding
comment: Any Process which is intended to result in Learning.

ReligiousProcess
type: Class
comment: An OrganizationalProcess that is carried out within or by a ReligiousOrganization.
disjoint with: PoliticalProcess
disjoint with: Managing
disjoint with: LeavingAnOrganization
disjoint with: JoiningAnOrganization
disjoint with: Election
subclass of: OrganizationalProcess

PoliticalProcess
type: Class
disjoint with: ReligiousProcess
disjoint with: Managing
disjoint with: LeavingAnOrganization
disjoint with: JoiningAnOrganization
disjoint with: Election
subclass of: OrganizationalProcess
comment: An OrganizationalProcess carried out by, for or against officially constituted governments. Some examples would be voting on proposed legislation, electing a government representative, or even overthrowing a government in a revolution.

Driving
type: Class
subclass of: Guiding
disjoint with: RegulatoryProcess
disjoint with: Managing
disjoint with: EducationalProcess
comment: Controlling the direction and/or speed of a Vehicle. This includes navigating a ship, driving a car or truck, operating a train, etc.

Injecting
type: Class
subclass of: Inserting
comment: Inserting a BiologicallyActiveSubstance into an Animal or a Human with a syringe.

Inserting
type: Class
disjoint with: Wetting
disjoint with: Covering
subclass of: Putting
comment: Putting one thing inside of another thing.

Impacting
type: Class
subclass of: Touching
comment: Any Touching where something comes into sudden, forceful, physical contact with something else. Some examples would be striking, knocking, whipping etc.
disjoint with: Grabbing

Touching
type: Class
subclass of: Transfer
comment: Any Transfer where two Objects are brought into immediate physical contact with one another.
disjoint with: Substituting
disjoint with: Removing
disjoint with: Putting
disjoint with: Impelling
disjoint with: Carrying

Grabbing
type: Class
comment: Any instance of Touching which results in a situation where the agent grasps the patient of the Touching.
subclass of: Attaching
subclass of: Touching
disjoint with: Impacting

MercantileOrganization
type: Class
comment: Any Corporation which sells goods or services to customers for a profit.
subclass of: Corporation
disjoint with: Manufacturer

Corporation
type: Class
disjoint with: EducationalOrganization
disjoint with: Hotel
disjoint with: JudicialOrganization
disjoint with: GovernmentOrganization
comment: An Organization that has a special legal status that allows a group of persons to act as a CommercialAgent and that insulates the owners (shareholders) from many liabilities that might result from the corporation's operation.
subclass of: Organization
subclass of: CommercialAgent

Manufacturer
type: Class
subclass of: Corporation
disjoint with: MercantileOrganization
comment: Any Corporation which manufactures Products.

Continent
type: Class
disjoint with: StateOrProvince
disjoint with: ShoreArea
disjoint with: Nation
disjoint with: LandTransitway
disjoint with: Island
disjoint with: City
subclass of: LandArea
comment: One of the seven largest land masses on earth, viz. Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Asia, and Oceania. Note that this naming scheme is the one used in the CIA World Factbook.

StateOrProvince
type: Class
disjoint with: City
comment: Administrative subdivisions of a Nation that are broader than any other political subdivisions that may exist. This Class includes the states of the United States, as well as the provinces of Canada and European countries.
subclass of: GeopoliticalArea
disjoint with: LandTransitway
disjoint with: ShoreArea
subclass of: LandArea
disjoint with: Continent
disjoint with: Nation
disjoint with: Island

ShoreArea
type: Class
disjoint with: StateOrProvince
disjoint with: Nation
disjoint with: LandTransitway
disjoint with: Island
disjoint with: Continent
disjoint with: City
comment: A ShoreArea is a LandArea approximately 1-3 km wide bordering a body of water, such as an ocean, bay, river, or lake. A ShoreArea may comprise a variety of LandForms, such as dunes, sloughs, and marshes.
subclass of: LandArea

Nation
type: Class
disjoint with: LandTransitway
disjoint with: StateOrProvince
comment: The broadest GeopoliticalArea, i.e. Nations are GeopoliticalAreas that are not part of any other overarching and comprehensive governance structure (excepting commonwealths and other sorts of loose international organizations).
subclass of: LandArea
disjoint with: City
disjoint with: Continent
subclass of: GeopoliticalArea
disjoint with: ShoreArea
disjoint with: Island

LandTransitway
type: Class
disjoint with: StateOrProvince
disjoint with: Nation
subclass of: Transitway
disjoint with: City
comment: LandTransitway is the subclass of Transitway that represents areas intended for motion over the ground.
disjoint with: Island
subclass of: LandArea
disjoint with: Continent
disjoint with: ShoreArea

Island
type: Class
subclass of: LandArea
disjoint with: StateOrProvince
disjoint with: ShoreArea
disjoint with: Nation
disjoint with: LandTransitway
disjoint with: Continent
disjoint with: City
comment: A LandArea that is completely surrounded by a WaterArea.

City
type: Class
disjoint with: ShoreArea
subclass of: GeopoliticalArea
disjoint with: LandTransitway
disjoint with: Continent
subclass of: LandArea
disjoint with: Nation
disjoint with: Island
comment: A LandArea of relatively small size, inhabited by a community of people, and having some sort of political structure. Note that this class includes both large cities and small settlements like towns, villages, hamlets, etc.
disjoint with: StateOrProvince

LandArea
type: Class
subclass of: GeographicArea
comment: An area which is predominantly solid ground, e.g. a Nation, a mountain, a desert, etc. Note that a LandArea may contain some relatively small WaterAreas. For example, Australia is a LandArea even though it contains various rivers and lakes.
disjoint with: WaterArea

SolidAngleMeasure
type: Class
subclass of: AngleMeasure
comment: The value of an angle in a solid.
disjoint with: PlaneAngleMeasure

Quantity
type: Class
disjoint with: SetOrClass
disjoint with: Relation
disjoint with: Proposition
disjoint with: Attribute
subclass of: Abstract
comment: Any specification of how many or how much of something there is. Accordingly, there are two subclasses of Quantity: Number (how many) and PhysicalQuantity (how much).

SetOrClass
type: Class
comment: The SetOrClass of Sets and Classes, i.e. any instance of Abstract that has elements or instances.
disjoint with: Relation
disjoint with: Quantity
disjoint with: Proposition
disjoint with: Attribute
subclass of: Abstract

Relation
type: Class
comment: The Class of relations. There are three kinds of Relation: Predicate, Function, and List. Predicates and Functions both denote sets of ordered n-tuples. The difference between these two Classes is that Predicates cover formula-forming operators, while Functions cover term-forming operators. A List, on the other hand, is a particular ordered n-tuple.
subclass of: Abstract
disjoint with: SetOrClass
disjoint with: Quantity
disjoint with: Proposition
disjoint with: Attribute

Proposition
type: Class
comment: Propositions are Abstract entities that express a complete thought or a set of such thoughts. As an example, the formula '(instance Yojo Cat)' expresses the Proposition that the entity named Yojo is an element of the Class of Cats. Note that propositions are not restricted to the content expressed by individual sentences of a Language. They may encompass the content expressed by theories, books, and even whole libraries. It is important to distinguish Propositions from the ContentBearingObjects that express them. A Proposition is a piece of information, e.g. that the cat is on the mat, but a ContentBearingObject is an Object that represents this information. A Proposition is an abstraction that may have multiple representations: strings, sounds, icons, etc. For example, the Proposition that the cat is on the mat is represented here as a string of graphical characters displayed on a monitor and/or printed on paper, but it can be represented by a sequence of sounds or by some non-latin alphabet or by some cryptographic form
subclass of: Abstract
disjoint with: SetOrClass
disjoint with: Relation
disjoint with: Quantity
disjoint with: Attribute

Attribute
type: Class
disjoint with: SetOrClass
disjoint with: Relation
disjoint with: Quantity
disjoint with: Proposition
comment: Qualities which we cannot or choose not to reify into subclasses of Object.
subclass of: Abstract

Abstract
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
disjoint with: Physical
comment: Properties or qualities as distinguished from any particular embodiment of the properties/qualities in a physical medium. Instances of Abstract can be said to exist in the same sense as mathematical objects such as sets and relations, but they cannot exist at a particular place and time without some physical encoding or embodiment.

CommercialService
type: Class
subclass of: FinancialTransaction
disjoint with: Selling
disjoint with: Buying
disjoint with: Betting
comment: Any FinancialTransaction by a CommercialAgent where the aim is to produce a profit.

FinancialTransaction
type: Class
subclass of: Transaction
comment: A Transaction where an instance of Currency is exchanged for something else.

Selling
type: Class
comment: A FinancialTransaction in which an instance of Physical is exchanged for an instance of CurrencyMeasure.
subclass of: FinancialTransaction
disjoint with: CommercialService
disjoint with: Buying
disjoint with: Betting

Buying
type: Class
subclass of: FinancialTransaction
disjoint with: Selling
disjoint with: CommercialService
disjoint with: Betting
comment: A FinancialTransaction in which an instance of CurrencyMeasure is exchanged for an instance of Physical.

Betting
type: Class
subclass of: FinancialTransaction
disjoint with: Selling
disjoint with: CommercialService
disjoint with: Buying
comment: A FinancialTransaction where an instance of CurrencyMeasure is exchanged for the possibility of winning a larger instance of CurrencyMeasure within the context of some sort of Game.

Friday
type: Class
disjoint with: Wednesday
disjoint with: Tuesday
disjoint with: Thursday
disjoint with: Sunday
disjoint with: Saturday
disjoint with: Monday
subclass of: Day
comment: The Class of all calendar Fridays.

Wednesday
type: Class
comment: The Class of all calendar Wednesdays.
subclass of: Day
disjoint with: Tuesday
disjoint with: Thursday
disjoint with: Sunday
disjoint with: Saturday
disjoint with: Monday
disjoint with: Friday

Tuesday
type: Class
subclass of: Day
comment: The Class of all calendar Tuesdays.
disjoint with: Wednesday
disjoint with: Thursday
disjoint with: Sunday
disjoint with: Saturday
disjoint with: Monday
disjoint with: Friday

Thursday
type: Class
subclass of: Day
comment: The Class of all calendar Thursdays.
disjoint with: Wednesday
disjoint with: Tuesday
disjoint with: Sunday
disjoint with: Saturday
disjoint with: Monday
disjoint with: Friday

Sunday
type: Class
comment: The Class of all calendar Sundays.
subclass of: Day
disjoint with: Wednesday
disjoint with: Tuesday
disjoint with: Thursday
disjoint with: Saturday
disjoint with: Monday
disjoint with: Friday

Saturday
type: Class
disjoint with: Wednesday
disjoint with: Tuesday
disjoint with: Thursday
disjoint with: Sunday
disjoint with: Monday
disjoint with: Friday
comment: The Class of all calendar Saturdays.
subclass of: Day

Monday
type: Class
comment: The Class of all calendar Mondays.
subclass of: Day
disjoint with: Wednesday
disjoint with: Tuesday
disjoint with: Thursday
disjoint with: Sunday
disjoint with: Saturday
disjoint with: Friday

ShapeChange
type: Class
comment: The Process of changing the shape of an Object.
disjoint with: QuantityChange
disjoint with: Creation
disjoint with: SurfaceChange
disjoint with: Damaging
disjoint with: StateChange
subclass of: InternalChange

QuantityChange
type: Class
disjoint with: SurfaceChange
disjoint with: Damaging
disjoint with: Creation
disjoint with: StateChange
disjoint with: ShapeChange
comment: Any InternalChange where a PhysicalQuantity associated with the patient is altered.
subclass of: InternalChange

Creation
type: Class
subclass of: InternalChange
comment: The subclass of Process in which something is created. Note that the thing created is specified with the result CaseRole.
disjoint with: QuantityChange
disjoint with: Damaging
disjoint with: StateChange
disjoint with: ShapeChange
disjoint with: SurfaceChange

SurfaceChange
type: Class
disjoint with: ShapeChange
disjoint with: Creation
disjoint with: Damaging
disjoint with: QuantityChange
disjoint with: StateChange
subclass of: InternalChange
comment: Processes which involve altering the properties that apply to the surface of an Object.

Damaging
type: Class
comment: The Class of Processes where the agent brings about a situation where the patient no longer functions normally or as intended.
subclass of: InternalChange
disjoint with: SurfaceChange
disjoint with: StateChange
disjoint with: ShapeChange
disjoint with: QuantityChange
disjoint with: Creation

StateChange
type: Class
subclass of: InternalChange
comment: Any Process where the PhysicalState of part of the patient of the Process changes.
disjoint with: Damaging
disjoint with: QuantityChange
disjoint with: ShapeChange
disjoint with: Creation
disjoint with: SurfaceChange

InternalChange
type: Class
subclass of: Process
comment: Processes which involve altering an internal property of an Object, e.g. the shape of the Object, its coloring, its structure, etc. Processes that are not instances of this class include changes that only affect the relationship to other objects, e.g. changes in spatial or temporal location.

PositionalAttribute
type: Class
subclass of: RelationalAttribute
disjoint with: TruthValue
disjoint with: TimeZone
disjoint with: SocialRole
disjoint with: NormativeAttribute
comment: Attributes characterizing the orientation of an Object, e.g. Vertical versus Horizontal, Left versus Right etc.

RelationalAttribute
type: Class
disjoint with: InternalAttribute
subclass of: Attribute
comment: Any Attribute that an Entity has by virtue of a relationship that it bears to another Entity or set of Entities, e.g. SocialRoles and PositionalAttributes.

TruthValue
type: Class
disjoint with: TimeZone
disjoint with: SocialRole
disjoint with: PositionalAttribute
disjoint with: NormativeAttribute
subclass of: RelationalAttribute
comment: The Class of truth values, e.g. True and False. These are Attributes of Sentences and Propositions.

TimeZone
type: Class
disjoint with: TruthValue
disjoint with: SocialRole
disjoint with: PositionalAttribute
disjoint with: NormativeAttribute
subclass of: RelationalAttribute
comment: An Attribute which is used to specify coordinates in which time measures are uniform, i.e. all time devices are synchronized to the same TimePositions.

SocialRole
type: Class
comment: The Class of all Attributes that specify the position or status of a CognitiveAgent within an Organization or other Group.
disjoint with: TruthValue
disjoint with: TimeZone
disjoint with: PositionalAttribute
disjoint with: NormativeAttribute
subclass of: RelationalAttribute

NormativeAttribute
type: Class
subclass of: RelationalAttribute
disjoint with: TruthValue
disjoint with: TimeZone
disjoint with: SocialRole
disjoint with: PositionalAttribute
comment: A Class containing all of the Attributes that are specific to morality, legality, aesthetics, etiquette, etc. Many of these attributes express a judgement that something ought or ought not to be the case.

FiniteSet
type: Class
subclass of: Set
comment: A Set containing a finite number of elements.

Set
type: Class
disjoint with: Class
comment: A SetOrClass that satisfies extensionality as well as other constraints specified by some choice of set theory. Sets differ from Classes in two important respects. First, Sets are extensional - two Sets with the same elements are identical. Second, a Set can be an arbitrary stock of objects. That is, there is no requirement that Sets have an associated condition that determines their membership. Note that Sets are not assumed to be unique sets, i.e. elements of a Set may occur more than once in the Set.
subclass of: SetOrClass

Cooperation
type: Class
disjoint with: Pretending
disjoint with: Meeting
disjoint with: Contest
disjoint with: Communication
disjoint with: ChangeOfPossession
comment: The subclass of SocialInteraction where the participants involved work together for the achievement of a common goal.
subclass of: SocialInteraction

Pretending
type: Class
subclass of: SocialInteraction
disjoint with: Meeting
disjoint with: Cooperation
disjoint with: Contest
disjoint with: Communication
disjoint with: ChangeOfPossession
comment: Any SocialInteraction where a CognitiveAgent or Group of CognitiveAgents attempts to make another CognitiveAgent or Group of CognitiveAgents believe something that is false. This covers deceit, affectation, impersonation, and entertainment productions, to give just a few examples.

Meeting
type: Class
comment: The coming together of two or more CognitiveAgents for the purpose of Communication. This covers informal meetings, e.g. visits with family members, and formal meetings, e.g. a board of directors meeting.
subclass of: SocialInteraction
disjoint with: Pretending
disjoint with: Cooperation
disjoint with: Contest
disjoint with: Communication
disjoint with: ChangeOfPossession

Contest
type: Class
comment: A SocialInteraction where the agent and patient are CognitiveAgents who are trying to defeat one another. Note that this concept is often applied in a metaphorical sense in natural language, when we speak, e.g., of the struggle of plants for space or sunlight, or of bacteria for food resources in some environment.
disjoint with: Pretending
disjoint with: Meeting
disjoint with: Cooperation
disjoint with: Communication
disjoint with: ChangeOfPossession
subclass of: SocialInteraction

Communication
type: Class
disjoint with: Pretending
disjoint with: Meeting
disjoint with: Cooperation
disjoint with: Contest
disjoint with: ChangeOfPossession
subclass of: SocialInteraction
comment: A SocialInteraction that involves the transfer of information between two or more CognitiveAgents. Note that Communication is closely related to, but essentially different from, ContentDevelopment. The latter involves the creation or modification of a ContentBearingObject, while Communication is the transfer of information for the purpose of conveying a message.

ChangeOfPossession
type: Class
disjoint with: Pretending
disjoint with: Meeting
disjoint with: Cooperation
disjoint with: Contest
disjoint with: Communication
comment: The Class of Processes where ownership of something is transferred from one Agent to another.
subclass of: SocialInteraction

Currency
type: Class
comment: Any element of the official currrency of some Nation. This covers both CurrencyBills and CurrencyCoins.
subclass of: FinancialInstrument

FinancialInstrument
type: Class
disjoint with: Patent
subclass of: Certificate
comment: A document having monetary value or recording a monetary transaction

Transitway
type: Class
disjoint with: Substance
disjoint with: CorpuscularObject
disjoint with: Hole
subclass of: SelfConnectedObject
subclass of: Region
comment: Transitway is the broadest class of regions which may be passed through as a path in instances of Translocation. Transitway includes land, air, and sea regions, and it includes both natural and artificial transitways.

Hole
type: Class
comment: A hole is an immaterial body located at the surface of an Object. Since every Hole is ontologically dependent on its host (i.e., the object in which it is a hole), being a Hole is defined as being a hole in something. Note that two Holes may occupy the same region, or part of the same region, without sharing any parts.
subclass of: Region
disjoint with: Transitway
disjoint with: GeographicArea

SelfConnectedObject
type: Class
comment: A SelfConnectedObject is any Object that does not consist of two or more disconnected parts.
subclass of: Object

Region
type: Class
subclass of: Object
comment: A topographic location. Regions encompass surfaces of Objects, imaginary places, and GeographicAreas. Note that a Region is the only kind of Object which can be located at itself. Note too that Region is not a subclass of SelfConnectedObject, because some Regions, e.g. archipelagos, have parts which are not connected with one another.

Drying
type: Class
disjoint with: Uncovering
comment: The Class of Processes where a Liquid is removed from an Object.
subclass of: Removing

Uncovering
type: Class
subclass of: Removing
comment: The Class of Removing processes where the agent uncovers the patient, either completely or only partially.
disjoint with: Drying

Removing
type: Class
disjoint with: Touching
disjoint with: Substituting
disjoint with: Putting
disjoint with: Impelling
disjoint with: Carrying
comment: The Class of Processes where something is taken away from a location. Note that the thing removed and the location are specified with the CaseRoles patient and origin, respectively.
subclass of: Transfer

Measuring
type: Class
disjoint with: Counting
subclass of: Calculating
comment: The Class of Calculating Processes where the aim is to determine the PhysicalQuantity of some aspect of the patient.

Counting
type: Class
comment: Enumerating something. The Class of Calculating Processes where the aim is to determine the Number corresponding to the patient.
disjoint with: Measuring
subclass of: Calculating

Object
type: Class
disjoint with: Process
subclass of: Physical
comment: Corresponds roughly to the class of ordinary objects. Examples include normal physical objects, geographical regions, and locations of Processes, the complement of Objects in the Physical class. In a 4D ontology, an Object is something whose spatiotemporal extent is thought of as dividing into spatial parts roughly parallel to the time-axis.

Process
type: Class
disjoint with: Object
subclass of: Physical
comment: Intuitively, the class of things that happen and have temporal parts or stages. Examples include extended events like a football match or a race, actions like Pursuing and Reading, and biological processes. The formal definition is: anything that lasts for a time but is not an Object. Note that a Process may have participants 'inside' it which are Objects, such as the players in a football match. In a 4D ontology, a Process is something whose spatiotemporal extent is thought of as dividing into temporal stages roughly perpendicular to the time-axis.

Physical
type: Class
comment: An entity that has a location in space-time. Note that locations are themselves understood to have a location in space-time.
subclass of: Entity
disjoint with: Abstract

Substituting
type: Class
disjoint with: Detaching
disjoint with: Translating
subclass of: Transfer
disjoint with: Removing
disjoint with: Putting
disjoint with: Transaction
disjoint with: Combining
comment: The Class of Transfers where one thing is replaced with something else.
disjoint with: Impelling
subclass of: DualObjectProcess
disjoint with: Comparing
disjoint with: Carrying
disjoint with: Attaching
disjoint with: Touching
disjoint with: Separating

Detaching
type: Class
disjoint with: Substituting
disjoint with: Combining
disjoint with: Translating
disjoint with: Attaching
comment: A Process where the agent detaches one thing from something else. Note that Detaching is different from Separating in that the latter applies to Substances, while the former applies to CorpuscularObjects. Note too that Detaching is different from Removing in that one or both of the two things which are detached may or may not be moved from the location where they were attached.
disjoint with: Separating
disjoint with: Comparing
disjoint with: Transaction
subclass of: DualObjectProcess

Transfer
type: Class
subclass of: Translocation
disjoint with: Transportation
comment: Any instance of Translocation where the agent and the patient are not the same thing.

Putting
type: Class
subclass of: Transfer
disjoint with: Touching
disjoint with: Substituting
disjoint with: Removing
disjoint with: Impelling
disjoint with: Carrying
comment: The Class of Processes where something is put in a location. Note that the location is specified with the CaseRole destination.

Transaction
type: Class
comment: The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where something is exchanged for something else.
disjoint with: Separating
disjoint with: Attaching
disjoint with: Getting
disjoint with: Detaching
subclass of: ChangeOfPossession
disjoint with: Giving
disjoint with: Comparing
disjoint with: Substituting
disjoint with: Combining
disjoint with: Translating
subclass of: DualObjectProcess

Combining
type: Class
disjoint with: Separating
comment: A Process where two or more SelfConnectedObjects are incorporated into a single SelfConnectedObject. Note that Combining is different from Attaching in that the former results in one of the objects being part of the other, while Attaching only results in the two objects being connected with one another. Note too that Combining is different from Putting in that one or both of the two things which are combined may or may not be moved from the location where they were combined.
disjoint with: Attaching
disjoint with: Transaction
disjoint with: Substituting
disjoint with: Comparing
disjoint with: Detaching
subclass of: DualObjectProcess
disjoint with: Translating

DualObjectProcess
type: Class
subclass of: Process
comment: Any Process that requires two, nonidentical patients.

Carrying
type: Class
subclass of: Transfer
disjoint with: Touching
disjoint with: Substituting
disjoint with: Removing
disjoint with: Putting
disjoint with: Impelling
comment: Transfer from one point to another by means of an Animal or Human.

Attaching
type: Class
disjoint with: Comparing
comment: A Process where one Object becomes attached to another Object. Note that this differs from Putting in that two things which are attached may already be in the same location. Note that Combining is different from Attaching in that the former applies to Substances, while the latter applies to CorpuscularObjects. Note too that Attaching is different from Putting in that one or both of the two things which are attached may or may not be moved from the location where they were combined.
disjoint with: Translating
disjoint with: Separating
disjoint with: Transaction
subclass of: DualObjectProcess
disjoint with: Substituting
disjoint with: Detaching
disjoint with: Combining

Separating
type: Class
comment: A Process where a SelfConnectedObject is separated into (some of) its parts. Note that Separating is different from Detaching in that the latter only results in the two objects not being connected. Note too that Separating is different from Removing in that one or both of the two things which are separated may or may not be moved from the location where they were separated.
disjoint with: Substituting
disjoint with: Translating
disjoint with: Combining
disjoint with: Transaction
disjoint with: Detaching
disjoint with: Attaching
disjoint with: Comparing
subclass of: DualObjectProcess

Organization
type: Class
comment: An Organization is a corporate or similar institution. The members of an Organization typically have a common purpose or function. Note that this class also covers divisions, departments, etc. of organizations. For example, both the Shell Corporation and the accounting department at Shell would both be instances of Organization. Note too that the existence of an Organization is dependent on the existence of at least one member (since Organization is a subclass of Collection). Accordingly, in cases of purely legal organizations, a fictitious member should be assumed.
subclass of: CognitiveAgent
subclass of: Group

CognitiveAgent
type: Class
subclass of: SentientAgent
comment: A SentientAgent with responsibilities and the ability to reason, deliberate, make plans, etc. This is essentially the legal/ethical notion of a person. Note that, although Human is a subclass of CognitiveAgent, there may be instances of CognitiveAgent which are not also instances of Human. For example, chimpanzees, gorillas, dolphins, whales, and some extraterrestrials (if they exist) may be CognitiveAgents.

AnimalLanguage
type: Class
subclass of: Language
disjoint with: HumanLanguage
disjoint with: ArtificialLanguage
comment: The subclass of Languages used by Animals other than Humans.

Language
type: Class
subclass of: LinguisticExpression
comment: A system of signs for expressing thought. The system can be either natural or artificial, i.e. something that emerges gradually as a cultural artifact or something that is intentionally created by a person or group of people.
disjoint with: Word
disjoint with: Text
disjoint with: Sentence
disjoint with: Phrase
disjoint with: Morpheme

HumanLanguage
type: Class
disjoint with: AnimalLanguage
comment: The subclass of Languages used by Humans.
subclass of: Language

ArtificialLanguage
type: Class
disjoint with: AnimalLanguage
subclass of: Language
comment: The subclass of Languages that are designed by Humans.

ManualHumanLanguage
type: Class
comment: A ManualHumanLanguage is a HumanLanguage which has as its medium gestures and movement, such as the shape, position, and movement of the hands.
subclass of: HumanLanguage
disjoint with: SpokenHumanLanguage
disjoint with: NaturalLanguage
disjoint with: ConstructedLanguage

SpokenHumanLanguage
type: Class
comment: A SpokenHumanLanguage is a HumanLanguage which has as its medium the human voice. It can also berepresented visually through writing, although not all SpokenHumanLanguages have a codified written form.
disjoint with: NaturalLanguage
disjoint with: ManualHumanLanguage
disjoint with: ConstructedLanguage
subclass of: HumanLanguage

NaturalLanguage
type: Class
comment: The subclass of HumanLanguages which are not designed and which evolve from generation to generation. This Class includes all of the national languages, e.g. English, Spanish, Japanese, etc. Note that this class includes dialects of natural languages.
disjoint with: SpokenHumanLanguage
disjoint with: ManualHumanLanguage
disjoint with: ConstructedLanguage
subclass of: HumanLanguage

ConstructedLanguage
type: Class
comment: An ConstructedLanguage is a HumanLanguage that did not evolve spontaneously within a language community, but rather had its core grammar and vocabulary invented by one or more language experts, often with an aim to produce a more grammatically regular language than any language that has evolved naturally. This Class includes languages like Esperanto that were created to facilitate international communication
subclass of: ArtificialLanguage
subclass of: HumanLanguage
disjoint with: SpokenHumanLanguage
disjoint with: NaturalLanguage
disjoint with: ManualHumanLanguage
disjoint with: ComputerLanguage

Graduation
type: Class
disjoint with: TerminatingEmployment
subclass of: LeavingAnOrganization
comment: The OrganizationalProcess of graduating from an EducationalOrganization.

TerminatingEmployment
type: Class
subclass of: LeavingAnOrganization
disjoint with: Graduation
comment: OrganizationalProcesses where someone ceases to be an employee of an Organization. Note that this covers being laid off, being fired, and voluntarily leaving a job.

SymbolicString
type: Class
comment: The Class of alphanumeric sequences.
disjoint with: LinguisticExpression
subclass of: ContentBearingObject

LinguisticExpression
type: Class
disjoint with: SymbolicString
comment: This is the subclass of ContentBearingObjects which are language-related. Note that this Class encompasses both Language and the the elements of Languages, e.g. Words.
subclass of: ContentBearingObject

ContentBearingObject
type: Class
comment: Any SelfConnectedObject that expresses content. This content may be a Proposition, e.g. when the ContentBearingObject is a Sentence or Text, or it may be a representation of an abstract or physical object, as with an Icon, a Word or a Phrase.
subclass of: CorpuscularObject

EducationalOrganization
type: Class
subclass of: Organization
comment: A EducationalOrganization is an institution of learning. Some examples are public and private K-12 schools, and colleges and universities.
disjoint with: JudicialOrganization
disjoint with: GovernmentOrganization
disjoint with: Corporation

Hotel
type: Class
disjoint with: Corporation
subclass of: CommercialAgent
comment: A ResidentialBuilding which provides temporary accommodations to guests in exchange for money.

JudicialOrganization
type: Class
subclass of: Organization
disjoint with: GovernmentOrganization
disjoint with: EducationalOrganization
disjoint with: Corporation
comment: JudicialOrganization is the class of Organizations whose primary purpose is to render judgments according to the statutes or regulations of a government or other organization. Judicial bodies are not necessarily government organizations, for example, those associated with sporting associations.

BiologicalAttribute
type: Class
subclass of: InternalAttribute
comment: Attributes that apply specifically to instances of Organism.

InternalAttribute
type: Class
disjoint with: RelationalAttribute
comment: Any Attribute of an Entity that is an internal property of the Entity, e.g. its shape, its color, its fragility, etc.
subclass of: Attribute

Phrase
type: Class
comment: A set of Words in a Language which form a unit, i.e. express a meaning in the Language.
subclass of: LinguisticExpression
disjoint with: Word
disjoint with: Text
disjoint with: Sentence
disjoint with: Morpheme
disjoint with: Language

Morpheme
type: Class
subclass of: LinguisticExpression
disjoint with: Word
disjoint with: Text
disjoint with: Sentence
disjoint with: Phrase
disjoint with: Language
comment: Part of a Word which cannot be subdivided and which expresses a meaning.

Word
type: Class
comment: A term of a Language that represents a concept.
disjoint with: Text
disjoint with: Sentence
disjoint with: Phrase
disjoint with: Morpheme
disjoint with: Language
subclass of: LinguisticExpression

Product
type: Class
comment: An Artifact that is produced by Manufacture and that is intended to be sold.
disjoint with: Text
disjoint with: Device
subclass of: Artifact

Sentence
type: Class
comment: A syntactically well-formed formula of a Language. It includes, at minimum, a predicate and a subject (which may be explicit or implicit), and it expresses a Proposition.
disjoint with: Word
disjoint with: Text
disjoint with: Phrase
disjoint with: Morpheme
disjoint with: Language
subclass of: LinguisticExpression

SubjectiveAssessmentAttribute
type: Class
comment: The Class of NormativeAttributes which lack an objective criterion for their attribution, i.e. the attribution of these Attributes varies from subject to subject and even with respect to the same subject over time. This Class is, generally speaking, only used when mapping external knowledge sources to the SUMO. If a term from such a knowledge source seems to lack objective criteria for its attribution, it is assigned to this Class.
disjoint with: ObjectiveNorm
subclass of: NormativeAttribute

Collection
type: Class
comment: Collections have members like Classes, but, unlike Classes, they have a position in space-time and members can be added and subtracted without thereby changing the identity of the Collection. Some examples are toolkits, football teams, and flocks of sheep.
subclass of: Object

Cutting
type: Class
comment: The subclass of Poking Processes which involve a sharp instrument.
subclass of: Poking

FreshWaterArea
type: Class
subclass of: WaterArea
disjoint with: StreamWaterArea
disjoint with: StaticWaterArea
disjoint with: SaltWaterArea
comment: A WaterArea whose Water is not saline, e.g. most rivers and lakes.

StreamWaterArea
type: Class
disjoint with: StaticWaterArea
disjoint with: SaltWaterArea
disjoint with: FreshWaterArea
subclass of: WaterArea
comment: A relatively narrow WaterArea where the water flows constantly and in the same direction, e.g. a river, a stream, etc.

StaticWaterArea
type: Class
comment: A WaterArea in which water does not flow constantly or in the same direction, e.g. most lakes and ponds.
subclass of: WaterArea
disjoint with: StreamWaterArea
disjoint with: SaltWaterArea
disjoint with: FreshWaterArea

SaltWaterArea
type: Class
comment: A WaterArea whose Water is saline, e.g. oceans and seas.
subclass of: WaterArea
disjoint with: StreamWaterArea
disjoint with: StaticWaterArea
disjoint with: FreshWaterArea

Cooling
type: Class
subclass of: Decreasing
comment: Any Decreasing Process where the PhysicalQuantity decreased is a TemperatureMeasure.

Decreasing
type: Class
disjoint with: Increasing
subclass of: QuantityChange
comment: Any QuantityChange where the PhysicalQuantity is decreased.

Requesting
type: Class
comment: A request expresses a desire that some future action be performed. For example, the 5th Battalion requested air support from the 3rd Bomber Group. Note that this class covers proposals, recommendations, suggestions, etc.
disjoint with: Questioning
disjoint with: Ordering
subclass of: Directing

Questioning
type: Class
comment: A request for information. For example, John asked Bill if the President had said anything about taxes in his State of the Union address.
disjoint with: Requesting
disjoint with: Ordering
subclass of: Directing

Ordering
type: Class
comment: A Directing in which the receiver is commanded to realize the content of a ContentBearingObject. Orders are injunctions, the disobedience of which involves sanctions, or which express an obligation upon the part of the orderee.
disjoint with: Requesting
disjoint with: Questioning
subclass of: Directing

Directing
type: Class
comment: Instances of this Class urge some further action among the receivers. A Directing can be an Ordering, a Requesting or a Questioning.
subclass of: LinguisticCommunication
disjoint with: Supposing
disjoint with: Stating
disjoint with: Speaking
disjoint with: Declaring
disjoint with: Committing

Increasing
type: Class
comment: Any QuantityChange where the PhysicalQuantity is increased.
disjoint with: Decreasing
subclass of: QuantityChange

DefensiveManeuver
type: Class
subclass of: Maneuver
disjoint with: Attack
comment: A Maneuver in a ViolentContest where the agent attempts to avoid being damaged.

Attack
type: Class
comment: A Maneuver in a ViolentContest where the agent attempts to inflict damage on the patient.
subclass of: Maneuver
disjoint with: DefensiveManeuver

LegalAction
type: Class
disjoint with: ViolentContest
disjoint with: Game
subclass of: Contest
comment: Any Process where a CognitiveAgent seeks to obtain something through a court of law.

Game
type: Class
subclass of: RecreationOrExercise
subclass of: Contest
comment: A Contest whose purpose is the enjoyment/stimulation of the participants or spectators of the Game.
disjoint with: ViolentContest
disjoint with: LegalAction

Entity
type: Class
comment: The universal class of individuals. This is the root node of the ontology.

Getting
type: Class
disjoint with: Transaction
disjoint with: Giving
subclass of: ChangeOfPossession
comment: The subclass of ChangeOfPossession where the agent gets something. Note that the source from which something is obtained is specified with the origin CaseRole.

Wetting
type: Class
comment: The Class of Processes where a Liquid is added to an Object.
disjoint with: Inserting
disjoint with: Covering
subclass of: Putting

Covering
type: Class
disjoint with: Wetting
disjoint with: Inserting
comment: The Class of Putting processes where the agent covers the patient, either completely or only partially, with something else.
subclass of: Putting

Number
type: Class
subclass of: Quantity
comment: A measure of how many things there are, or how much there is, of a certain kind. Numbers are subclassed into RealNumber, ComplexNumber, and ImaginaryNumber.
disjoint with: PhysicalQuantity

PhysicalQuantity
type: Class
comment: A PhysicalQuantity is a measure of some quantifiable aspect of the modeled world, such as 'the earth's diameter' (a constant length) and 'the stress in a loaded deformable solid' (a measure of stress, which is a function of three spatial coordinates). All PhysicalQuantities are either ConstantQuantities or FunctionQuantities. Instances of ConstantQuantity are dependent on a UnitOfMeasure, while instances of FunctionQuantity are Functions that map instances of ConstantQuantity to other instances of ConstantQuantity (e.g., TimeDependentQuantities are FunctionQuantities). Although the name and definition of PhysicalQuantity is borrowed from physics, PhysicalQuantities need not be material. Aside from the dimensions of length, time, velocity, etc., nonphysical dimensions such as currency are also possible. Accordingly, amounts of money would be instances of PhysicalQuantity. PhysicalQuantities are distinguished from Numbers by the fact that the former are associated with a dimension of measurement.
subclass of: Quantity
disjoint with: Number

Patent
type: Class
comment: A Certificate that expresses the content of an invention that has been accorded legal protection by a governemental entity.
subclass of: Certificate
disjoint with: FinancialInstrument

Supposing
type: Class
comment: Instances of this Class suppose, for the sake of argument, that a proposition is true. For example, John considered what he would do if he won the lottery.
disjoint with: Stating
disjoint with: Speaking
disjoint with: Directing
disjoint with: Declaring
disjoint with: Committing
subclass of: LinguisticCommunication

Stating
type: Class
comment: Instances of this Class commit the agent to some truth. For example, John claimed that the moon is made of green cheese.
subclass of: LinguisticCommunication
disjoint with: Supposing
disjoint with: Speaking
disjoint with: Directing
disjoint with: Declaring
disjoint with: Committing

Declaring
type: Class
subclass of: LinguisticCommunication
comment: The Class of LinguisticCommunications that effect an institutional alteration when performed by competent authority. Some examples are nominating, marrying, and excommunicating.
disjoint with: Supposing
disjoint with: Stating
disjoint with: Speaking
disjoint with: Directing
disjoint with: Committing

Committing
type: Class
disjoint with: Supposing
disjoint with: Stating
disjoint with: Speaking
disjoint with: Directing
disjoint with: Declaring
subclass of: LinguisticCommunication
comment: Instances of this Class commit the agent to some future course. For example, Bob promised Susan that he would be home by 11pm.

LinguisticCommunication
type: Class
disjoint with: Expressing
disjoint with: Disseminating
comment: A Communication that involves the transfer of information via a LinguisticExpression.
subclass of: Communication

Injuring
type: Class
disjoint with: Destruction
subclass of: Damaging
comment: The process of creating a traumatic wound or injury. Since Injuring is not possible without some biologic function of the organism being injured, it is a subclass of BiologicalProcess.

Destruction
type: Class
disjoint with: Injuring
subclass of: Damaging
comment: The subclass of Damagings in which the patient (or an essential element of the patient) is destroyed. Note that the difference between this concept and its superclass is solely one of extent.

TimeDependentQuantity
type: Class
subclass of: UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity
comment: A UnaryConstantFunctionQuantity of continuous time. All instances of this Class are returned by Functions that map a time quantity into another ConstantQuantity such as temperature. For example, 'the temperature at the top of the Empire State Building' is a TimeDependentQuantity since its value depends on the time.

ComputerLanguage
type: Class
subclass of: ArtificialLanguage
disjoint with: ConstructedLanguage
comment: The class of Languages designed for and interpreted by a computer.

FieldOfStudy
type: Class
disjoint with: Procedure
subclass of: Proposition
comment: An academic or applied discipline with recognized experts and with a core of accepted theory or practice. Note that FieldOfStudy is a subclass of Proposition, because a FieldOfStudy is understood to be a body of abstract, informational content, with varying degrees of certainty attached to each element of this content.

SocialUnit
type: Class
comment: A GroupOfPeople who all have the same home.
subclass of: GroupOfPeople
disjoint with: FamilyGroup
disjoint with: EthnicGroup
disjoint with: BeliefGroup
disjoint with: AgeGroup

GroupOfPeople
type: Class
subclass of: Group
comment: Any Group whose members are exclusively Humans.

FamilyGroup
type: Class
disjoint with: SocialUnit
disjoint with: EthnicGroup
disjoint with: BeliefGroup
disjoint with: AgeGroup
comment: A GroupOfPeople whose members bear familyRelations to one another.
subclass of: GroupOfPeople

EthnicGroup
type: Class
disjoint with: SocialUnit
disjoint with: FamilyGroup
disjoint with: BeliefGroup
disjoint with: AgeGroup
subclass of: GroupOfPeople
comment: A GroupOfPeople whose members originate from the same GeographicArea or share the same Language and/or cultural practices.

BeliefGroup
type: Class
comment: A GroupOfPeople whose members share a belief or set of beliefs.
disjoint with: SocialUnit
disjoint with: FamilyGroup
disjoint with: EthnicGroup
disjoint with: AgeGroup
subclass of: GroupOfPeople

AgeGroup
type: Class
comment: A GroupOfPeople whose members all have the same age.
subclass of: GroupOfPeople
disjoint with: SocialUnit
disjoint with: FamilyGroup
disjoint with: EthnicGroup
disjoint with: BeliefGroup

ParticleWord
type: Class
comment: An umbrella Class for any Word that does not fit into the other subclasses of Word. A ParticleWord is generally a small term that serves a grammatical or logical function, e.g. 'and', 'of', 'since', etc. At some point, this class might be broken up into the subclasses 'Connective', 'Preposition', etc. Note that the class ParticleWord includes both personal and possessive pronouns, e.g. 'she', 'hers', 'it', 'its', etc.
subclass of: Word
disjoint with: Verb
disjoint with: Noun
disjoint with: Adverb
disjoint with: Adjective

Verb
type: Class
disjoint with: ParticleWord
disjoint with: Noun
disjoint with: Adverb
disjoint with: Adjective
subclass of: Word
comment: One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words that conventionally denote Processes.

Noun
type: Class
disjoint with: Verb
disjoint with: ParticleWord
disjoint with: Adverb
disjoint with: Adjective
subclass of: Word
comment: One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words that conventionally denote Objects.

Adverb
type: Class
disjoint with: Verb
disjoint with: ParticleWord
disjoint with: Noun
disjoint with: Adjective
subclass of: Word
comment: One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words that conventionally denote Attributes of Processes.

Adjective
type: Class
disjoint with: Verb
disjoint with: ParticleWord
disjoint with: Noun
disjoint with: Adverb
comment: One of the parts of speech. The Class of Words that conventionally denote Attributes of Objects.
subclass of: Word

Voting
type: Class
comment: Voting is the activity of voting in an Election. Voting is typically done by individuals, while Elections are conducted by Organizations. The voting process by an individual voter is part of an Election process.
subclass of: Deciding

Disseminating
type: Class
disjoint with: LinguisticCommunication
disjoint with: Expressing
subclass of: Communication
comment: Any Communication that involves a single agent and many destinations. This covers the release of a published book, broadcasting, a theatrical performance, giving orders to assembled troops, delivering a public lecture, etc.

Expressing
type: Class
subclass of: Communication
disjoint with: LinguisticCommunication
disjoint with: Disseminating
comment: Instances of this Class express a state of the agent. For example, Jane thanked Barbara for the present she had given her. The thanking in this case expresses the gratitude of Jane towards Barbara. Note that Expressing, unlike the other speech act types, is not a subclass of LinguisticCommunication. This is because emotions, for example, can be expressed without language, e.g. by smiling.

Confining
type: Class
subclass of: Keeping
comment: The Class of Keeping Processes where the patient is a Human or an Animal and is kept involuntarily. This covers caging, imprisonment, jailing, etc.

Heating
type: Class
comment: Any Increasing Process where the PhysicalQuantity increased is a TemperatureMeasure.
subclass of: Increasing

List
type: Class
subclass of: Relation
comment: Every List is a particular ordered n-tuple of items. Generally speaking, Lists are created by means of the ListFn Function, which takes any number of items as arguments and returns a List with the items in the same order. Anything, including other Lists, may be an item in a List. Note too that Lists are extensional - two lists that have the same items in the same order are identical. Note too that a List may contain no items. In that case, the List is the NullList.

DiagnosticProcess
type: Class
disjoint with: Experimenting
subclass of: Investigating
comment: A Process that is carried out for the purpose of determining the nature of a DiseaseOrSyndrome.

Experimenting
type: Class
comment: Investigating the truth of a Proposition by constructing and observing a trial. Note that the trial may be either controlled or uncontrolled, blind or not blind.
subclass of: Investigating
disjoint with: DiagnosticProcess

Constructing
type: Class
comment: The subclass of Making in which a StationaryArtifact is built.
subclass of: Making
disjoint with: Manufacture
disjoint with: Cooking

Cooking
type: Class
comment: The Making of an instance of Food. Note that this can cover any preparation of Food, e.g. making a salad, cutting up fruit, etc. It does not necessarily involve the application of heat.
subclass of: Making
disjoint with: Manufacture
disjoint with: Constructing

Surgery
type: Class
subclass of: TherapeuticProcess
comment: Any TherapeuticProcess that involves making an incision in the Animal that is the patient of the TherapeuticProcess.

TherapeuticProcess
type: Class
comment: A Process that is carried out for the purpose of curing, improving or reducing the pain associated with a DiseaseOrSyndrome.
subclass of: Repairing

Coloring
type: Class
subclass of: SurfaceChange
comment: The subclass of SurfaceChange where a ColorAttribute of the patient is altered.

Borrowing
type: Class
subclass of: Getting
disjoint with: UnilateralGetting
comment: The subclass of Getting Processes where the agent gets something for a limited period of time with the expectation that it will be returned later (perhaps with interest).

UnilateralGetting
type: Class
subclass of: Getting
disjoint with: Borrowing
comment: Any instance of Getting that is not part of a Transaction. In other words, any instance of Getting where nothing is given in return. Some examples of UnilateralGetting are: appropriating, commandeering, stealing, etc.

Man
type: Class
subclass of: Human
disjoint with: Woman
comment: The class of Male Humans.

Human
type: Class
subclass of: CognitiveAgent
comment: Modern man, the only remaining species of the Homo genus.

Woman
type: Class
comment: The class of Female Humans.
subclass of: Human
disjoint with: Man

Position
type: Class
subclass of: SocialRole
comment: A formal position of reponsibility within an Organization. Examples of Positions include president, laboratory director, senior researcher, sales representative, etc.

CurrencyCoin
type: Class
subclass of: Currency
comment: Any instance of Currency that is made of Metal.
disjoint with: CurrencyBill

CurrencyBill
type: Class
disjoint with: CurrencyCoin
comment: Any instance of Currency that is made of paper.
subclass of: Currency

Sport
type: Class
comment: A Game which requires some degree of physical exercion from the participants of the game.
subclass of: Game

Transportation
type: Class
subclass of: Translocation
comment: Motion from one point to another by means of a TransportationDevice.
disjoint with: Transfer

Translocation
type: Class
comment: Translocation is that class of Motions in which an object moves from one place to another. In the case of round trips, the origin and destination are the same, but the intervening motion passes through other locations. Translocation represents linear motion, in contrast to rotation or other movement in place. A vehicle is not necessary; Ambulating is a kind of Translocation.
subclass of: Motion

EngineeringConnection
type: Class
comment: An EngineeringConnection is an EngineeringComponent that represents a connection relationship between two other EngineeringComponents. It is a reification of the Predicate connectedEngineeringComponents. That means that whenever this Predicate holds between two EngineeringComponents, there exists an EngineeringConnection. The practical reason for reifying a relationship is to be able to attach other information about it. For example, one might want to say that a particular connection is associated with some shared parameters, or that it is of a particular type. EngineeringConnections are EngineeringComponents and can therefore be an engineeringSubcomponent of other EngineeringComponents. However, to provide for modular regularity in component systems, EngineeringConnections cannot be connected. For each pair of EngineeringComponents related by connectedEngineeringComponents, there exists at least one EngineeringConnection. However, that object may not be unique, and the same EngineeringConnection may be associated with several pairs of EngineeringComponents.
subclass of: EngineeringComponent

VerbPhrase
type: Class
subclass of: Phrase
disjoint with: PrepositionalPhrase
disjoint with: NounPhrase
comment: A Phrase that has the same function as a Verb.

PrepositionalPhrase
type: Class
disjoint with: VerbPhrase
disjoint with: NounPhrase
subclass of: Phrase
comment: A Phrase that begins with a preposition and that functions as an Adjective or an Adverb.

NounPhrase
type: Class
comment: A Phrase that has the same function as a Noun.
subclass of: Phrase
disjoint with: VerbPhrase
disjoint with: PrepositionalPhrase

TimePosition
type: Class
disjoint with: TimeDuration
subclass of: TimeMeasure
comment: Any TimePoint or TimeInterval along the universal timeline from NegativeInfinity to PositiveInfinity.

Motion
type: Class
comment: Any Process of movement.
subclass of: Process

Wedding
type: Class
comment: Any Declaring that leads to one person being the spouse of another.
disjoint with: Naming
disjoint with: LegalDecision
subclass of: Declaring

Naming
type: Class
disjoint with: Wedding
disjoint with: LegalDecision
subclass of: Declaring
comment: The Process of assigning a name to someone or something.

LegalDecision
type: Class
comment: A decision issued by a court with respect to a LegalAction. Note that a LegalDecision is the act of Declaring a decision of a court; it is not the act of judge or jury Deciding the merits of a particular LegalAction.
subclass of: Declaring
subclass of: JudicialProcess
disjoint with: Wedding
disjoint with: Naming

Class
subclass of: SetOrClass
comment: Classes differ from Sets in three important respects. First, Classes are not assumed to be extensional. That is, distinct Classes might well have exactly the same instances. Second, Classes typically have an associated `condition' that determines the instances of the Class. So, for example, the condition `human' determines the Class of Humans. Note that some Classes might satisfy their own condition (e.g., the Class of Abstract things is Abstract) and hence be instances of themselves. Third, the instances of a class may occur only once within the class, i.e. a class cannot contain duplicate instances.
disjoint with: Set

TimePoint
type: Class
comment: An extensionless point on the universal timeline. The TimePoints at which Processes occur can be known with various degrees of precision and approximation, but conceptually TimePoints are point-like and not interval-like. That is, it doesn't make sense to talk about how long a TimePoint lasts.
subclass of: TimePosition
disjoint with: TimeInterval

Character
type: Class
comment: An element of an alphabet, a set of numerals, etc. Note that a Character may or may not be part of a Language. Character is a subclass of SymbolicString, because every instance of Character is an alphanumeric sequence consisting of a single element.
subclass of: SymbolicString

MilitaryProcess
type: Class
comment: Any Process that is carried out by a military organization. Note that this class covers Processes, e.g. military operations, that are the result of careful planning, as well as those which are unscripted.
subclass of: PoliticalProcess
disjoint with: JudicialProcess

JudicialProcess
type: Class
subclass of: PoliticalProcess
disjoint with: MilitaryProcess
comment: Any legal proceeding which is conducted by a JudicialOrganization. Note that there is an important difference between the concepts LegalAction and JudicialProcess. The former refers to legal claims that are brought by a plaintiff, e.g. law suits, while the second refers to trials and other sorts of judicial hearings where the merits of a LegalAction are decided.

Decoding
type: Class
comment: Converting a document or message that has previously been encoded (see Encoding) into a Language that can be understood by a relatively large number of speakers.
disjoint with: Encoding
subclass of: Writing

Encoding
type: Class
disjoint with: Decoding
subclass of: Writing
comment: Converting a document or message into a formal language or into a code that can be understood only by a relatively small body of Agents. Generally speaking, this hinders wide dissemination of the content in the original document or message.

Offering
type: Class
subclass of: Committing
comment: The subclass of Committing in which a CognitiveAgent offers something Physical to another agent. Offerings may be unconditional (in which case they are a promise to effect a UnilateralGiving) or conditional (in which case they are a promise to effect a Transaction of some sort).

Killing
type: Class
comment: The subclass of Destruction in which the death of an Organism is caused by an Organism. Note that in cases of suicide the Organism would be the same in both cases.
subclass of: Destruction

Formula
type: Class
comment: A syntactically well-formed formula in the SUO-KIF knowledge representation language.
subclass of: Sentence

Ungrasping
type: Class
subclass of: Detaching
comment: Any instance of Detaching which results in a situation where it is not the case that the agent grasps something which he/she grasps previously.

Roadway
type: Class
subclass of: LandTransitway
comment: Roadway is the subclass of LandTransitways that are areas intended for surface travel by self-powered, wheeled vehicles, excluding those that travel on tracks. Roadways have been at least minimally improved to enable the passage of vehicles. Roadways include dirt and gravelled roads, paved streets, and expressways.

LeapYear
type: Class
subclass of: Year
comment: The Class of all leap years. These are years which are either (i.) evenly divisible by 4 and not by 100 or (ii.) evenly divisible by 400 (this latter case is known as a leap century).

Vehicle
type: Class
subclass of: TransportationDevice
comment: Vehicle is the subclass of TransportationDevices that transport passengers or goods from one place to another by moving from one place to the other with them, e.g., cars, trucks, ferries, and airplanes. Contrast with devices such as pipelines, escalators, or supermarket checkout belts, which carry items from one place to another by means of a moving part, without the device removing from the origin to the destination.

Hiring
type: Class
subclass of: JoiningAnOrganization
disjoint with: Matriculation
comment: OrganizationalProcesses where someone is made an employee of an Organization.

Matriculation
type: Class
comment: The OrganizationalProcess of joining an EducationalOrganization as a student.
subclass of: JoiningAnOrganization
disjoint with: Hiring

Demonstrating
type: Class
comment: Exhibiting something or a range of things before the public in a particular location. This would cover software demos, theatrical plays, lectures, dance and music recitals, museum exhibitions, etc.
subclass of: Disseminating

SexAttribute
type: Class
comment: Attributes that indicate the sex of an Organism.
subclass of: BiologicalAttribute

DirectionalAttribute
type: Class
subclass of: PositionalAttribute
comment: The subclass of PositionalAttributes that concern compass directions.

element
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (element ?ENTITY ?SET) is true just in case ?ENTITY is contained in the Set ?SET. An Entity can be an element of another Entity only if the latter is a Set.
range: Set
domain: Entity
sub property of: instance

instance
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An object is an instance of a SetOrClass if it is included in that SetOrClass. An individual may be an instance of many classes, some of which may be subclasses of others. Thus, there is no assumption in the meaning of instance about specificity or uniqueness.
range: SetOrClass
domain: Entity

spatialRelation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Spatial Relations are Relations that are spatial in a wide sense. This includes mereological relations and topological relations.

wants
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: inScopeOfInterest
sub property of: objectAttitude
comment: (wants ?AGENT ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is desired by ?AGENT, i.e. ?AGENT believes that ?OBJECT will satisfy one of its goals. Note that there is no implication that what is wanted by an agent is not already possessed by the agent.
range: Physical
domain: CognitiveAgent

inScopeOfInterest
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CognitiveAgent
range: Entity
sub property of: intentionalRelation
comment: A very general Predicate. (inScopeOfInterest ?AGENT ?ENTITY) means that ?ENTITY is within the scope of interest of ?AGENT. Note that the interest indicated can be either positive or negative, i.e. the ?AGENT can have an interest in avoiding or promoting ?ENTITY.

objectAttitude
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CognitiveAgent
range: Physical
sub property of: inScopeOfInterest
comment: (needs ?AGENT ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is physically required for the continued existence of ?AGENT.

duration
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (duration ?POS ?TIME) means that the duration of the TimePosition ?POS is ?TIME. Note that this Predicate can be used in conjunction with the Function WhenFn to specify the duration of any instance of Physical.
range: TimeDuration
domain: TimeInterval

property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: This Predicate holds between an instance of Entity and an instance of Attribute. (property ?ENTITY ?ATTR) means that ?ENTITY has the Attribute ?ATTR.
range: Attribute
domain: Entity

age
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: measure
comment: Simply relates an Object to a ConstantQuantity specifying the age of the Object.
range: TimeDuration

measure
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Physical
range: PhysicalQuantity
comment: A very general Predicate for asserting that a particular Object is measured by a particular ConstantQuantity. In general, the second argument of this Predicate will be an instance of the Function MeasureFn.

causes
type: ObjectProperty
range: Process
domain: Process
comment: The causation relation between instances of Process. (causes ?PROCESS1 ?PROCESS2) means that the instance of Process ?PROCESS1 brings about the instance of Process ?PROCESS2.

authors
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (authors ?AGENT ?TEXT) means that ?AGENT is creatively responsible for ?TEXT. For example, Agatha Christie is author of Murder_on_the_Orient_Express.
domain: Agent
range: Text

resource
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (resource ?PROCESS ?RESOURCE) means that ?RESOURCE is present at the beginning of ?PROCESS, is used by ?PROCESS, and as a consequence is changed by ?PROCESS. For example, soap is a resource in the following proposition: the gun was carved out of soap. Note that resource differs from instrument, another subrelation of patient, in that its internal or physical properties are altered in some way by the Process.
domain: Process
range: Object
sub property of: patient

patient
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (patient ?PROCESS ?ENTITY) means that ?ENTITY is a participant in ?PROCESS that may be moved, said, experienced, etc. For example, the direct objects in the sentences 'The cat swallowed the canary' and 'Billy likes the beer' would be examples of patients. Note that the patient of a Process may or may not undergo structural change as a result of the Process. The CaseRole of patient is used when one wants to specify as broadly as possible the object of a Process.
domain: Process
range: Entity
sub property of: caseRole

instrument
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Process
range: Object
sub property of: patient
comment: (instrument ?EVENT ?TOOL) means that ?TOOL is used by an agent in bringing about ?EVENT and that ?TOOL is not changed by ?EVENT. For example, the key is an instrument in the following proposition: The key opened the door. Note that instrument and resource cannot be satisfied by the same ordered pair.

starts
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (starts ?INTERVAL1 ?INTERVAL2) means that ?INTERVAL1 and ?INTERVAL2 are both TimeIntervals that have the same initial TimePoint and that ?INTERVAL1 ends before ?INTERVAL2.
sub property of: temporalPart
range: TimeInterval
domain: TimeInterval

temporalPart
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: temporalRelation
range: TimePosition
domain: TimePosition
comment: The temporal analogue of the spatial part predicate. (temporalPart ?POS1 ?POS2) means that TimePosition ?POS1 is part of TimePosition ?POS2. Note that since temporalPart is a ReflexiveRelation every TimePostion is a temporalPart of itself.

citizen
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Human
range: Nation
comment: (citizen ?PERSON ?NATION) means that the Human ?PERSON is a citizen of Nation ?NATION.

containsInformation
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: represents
comment: A subrelation of represents. This predicate relates a ContentBearingObject to the Proposition that is expressed by the ContentBearingObject. Examples include the relationships between a physical novel and its story and between a printed score and its musical content.
range: Proposition
domain: ContentBearingObject

represents
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: refers
comment: A very general semiotics Predicate. (represents ?THING ?ENTITY) means that ?THING in some way indicates, expresses, connotes, pictures, describes, etc. ?ENTITY. The Predicates containsInformation and realization are subrelations of represents. Note that represents is a subrelation of refers, since something can represent something else only if it refers to this other thing. See the documentation string for names.

exploits
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: intentionalRelation
comment: (exploits ?AGENT ?OBJ) means that ?OBJ is used by ?AGENT as a resource in an unspecified instance of Process. This Predicate, as its corresponding axiom indicates, is a composition of the relations agent and resource.
range: Object
domain: Agent

intentionalRelation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Agent
range: Entity
comment: Intentional Relations are Relations between an Agent and one or more Entities, where the Relation requires that the Agent have awareness of the Entity.

documentation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Entity
range: ContentBearingObject
comment: A relation between objects in the domain of discourse and strings of natural language text. The domain of documentation is not constants (names), but the objects themselves. This means that one does not quote the names when associating them with their documentation.

employs
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (employs ?ORG ?PERSON) means that ?ORG has hired ?PERSON and currently retains ?PERSON, on a salaried, hourly or contractual basis, to provide services in exchange for monetary compensation.
range: Human

inhibits
type: ObjectProperty
range: Process
domain: Process
comment: A very general Predicate. (inhibits ?PROC1 ?PROC2) means that the Process ?PROC1 inhibits or hinders the occurrence of the Process ?PROC2. For example, obstructing an object inhibits moving it. Note that this is a relation between types of Processes, not between instances.

caseRole
type: ObjectProperty
comment: CaseRoles are Predicates relating the spatially distinguished parts of a Process. CaseRoles include, for example, the agent, patient or destination of an action, the flammable substance in a burning process, or the water that falls in rain.
range: Entity
domain: Process

refers
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Entity
range: Entity
comment: (refers ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 mentions or includes a reference to ?OBJ2. Note that refers is more general in meaning than represents, because presumably something can represent something else only if it refers to this other thing. For example, an article whose topic is a recent change in the price of oil may refer to many other things, e.g. the general state of the economy, the weather in California, the prospect of global warming, the options for alternative energy sources, the stock prices of various oil companies, etc.

agent
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Process
range: Agent
sub property of: caseRole
comment: (agent ?PROCESS ?AGENT) means that ?AGENT is an active determinant, either animate or inanimate, of the Process ?PROCESS, with or without voluntary intention. For example, Eve is an agent in the following proposition: Eve bit an apple.

prevents
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Process
range: Process
comment: A very general Predicate. (prevents ?PROC1 ?PROC2) means that ?PROC1 prevents the occurrence of ?PROC2. In other words, if ?PROC1 is occurring in a particular time and place, ?PROC2 cannot occur at the same time and place. For example, innoculating prevents contracting disease. Note that this is a relation between types of Processes, not between instances.

equivalenceRelation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A BinaryRelation is an equivalence relation if it is a ReflexiveRelation, a SymmetricRelation, and a TransitiveRelation.
range: Entity
domain: Entity

result
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Process
sub property of: patient
comment: (result ?ACTION ?OUTPUT) means that ?OUTPUT is a product of ?ACTION. For example, house is a result in the following proposition: Eric built a house.

time
type: ObjectProperty
comment: This relation holds between an instance of Physical and an instance of TimePosition just in case the temporal lifespan of the former includes the latter. In other words, (time ?THING ?TIME) means that ?THING existed or occurred at ?TIME. Note that time does for instances of Physical what holdsDuring does for instances of Formula. The constants located and time are the basic spatial and temporal predicates, respectively.
range: TimePosition
domain: Physical
sub property of: temporalRelation

temporalRelation
type: ObjectProperty
range: TimeMeasure
domain: Entity
comment: Temporal Relations include notions of (temporal) topology of intervals, (temporal) schemata, and (temporal) extension.

possesses
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relation that holds between an Agent and an Object when the Agent has ownership of the Object.
domain: Agent
range: Object

knows
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The epistemic predicate of knowing. (knows ?AGENT ?FORMULA) means that ?AGENT knows the proposition expressed by ?FORMULA. Note that knows entails conscious awareness, so this Predicate cannot be used to express tacit or subconscious or unconscious knowledge.
domain: CognitiveAgent
range: Formula
sub property of: inScopeOfInterest

partlyLocated
type: ObjectProperty
range: Object
domain: Physical
sub property of: spatialRelation
comment: (partlyLocated ?THING ?OBJ) means that the instance of Physical ?THING is at least partially located at ?OBJ. For example, Istanbul is partly located in Asia and partly located in Europe. Note that partlyLocated is the most basic localization relation: located is an immediate subrelation of partlyLocated and exactlyLocated is an immediate subrelation of located.

attribute
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (attribute ?OBJECT ?PROPERTY) means that ?PROPERTY is a Attribute of ?OBJECT. For example, (attribute MyLittleRedWagon Red).
sub property of: property
domain: Object

origin
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (origin ?PROCESS ?SOURCE) means that ?SOURCE indicates where the ?Process began. Note that this relation implies that ?SOURCE is present at the beginning of the process, but need not participate throughout the process. For example, the submarine is the origin in the following proposition: the missile was launched from a submarine.
sub property of: caseRole
domain: Process
range: Object

leader
type: ObjectProperty
range: Human
domain: Agent
comment: (leader ?INSTITUTION ?PERSON) means that the leader of ?INSTITUTION is ?PERSON.

uniqueIdentifier
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: names
comment: The class of names that uniquely identify an instance of Entity. Some examples of uniqueIdentifiers are the keys of tables in database applications and the ISBN (International Standard Book Number).

names
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: refers
comment: (names ?STRING ?ENTITY) means that the thing ?ENTITY has the SymbolicString ?STRING as its name. Note that names and represents are the two immediate subrelations of refers. The predicate names is used when the referring item is merely a tag without connotative content, while the predicate represents is used for referring items that have such content.
domain: SymbolicString

monetaryValue
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: measure
domain: Physical
range: CurrencyMeasure
comment: A BinaryPredicate that associates an Object or Process with its value expressed as an instance of CurrencyMeasure.

transactionAmount
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (transactionAmount ?TRANSACTION ?AMOUNT) means that ?AMOUNT is an instance of CurrencyMeasure being exhanged in the FinancialTransaction ?TRANSACTION.
range: CurrencyMeasure
domain: FinancialTransaction

hasSkill
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Agent
range: Process
comment: Similar to the capability Predicate with the additional restriction that the ability be practised/ demonstrated to some measurable degree.

uses
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (uses ?OBJECT AGENT) means that ?OBJECT is used by ?AGENT as an instrument in an unspecified Process. This Predicate, as its corresponding axiom indicates, is a composition of the CaseRoles agent and instrument.
domain: Object
range: Agent

part
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The basic mereological relation. All other mereological relations are defined in terms of this one. (part ?PART ?WHOLE) simply means that the Object ?PART is part of the Object ?WHOLE. Note that, since part is a ReflexiveRelation, every Object is a part of itself.
domain: Entity

needs
type: ObjectProperty
range: Object
domain: Agent
comment: (needs ?AGENT ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is physically required for the continued existence of ?AGENT.

publishes
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (publishes ?ORG ?TEXT) means that ?ORG publishes ?TEXT. For example, Bantam Books publishes Agatha Christie's Murder_on_the_Orient_Express.
domain: Organization
range: Text

editor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (editor ?AGENT ?TEXT) means that ?AGENT is an editor of ?TEXT.
range: Text
domain: Agent

material
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (material ?SUBSTANCE ?OBJECT) means that ?OBJECT is structurally made up in part of ?SUBSTANCE. This relation encompasses the concepts of 'composed of', 'made of', and 'formed of'. For example, plastic is a material of my computer monitor. Compare part and its subrelations, viz component and piece.
domain: Substance
range: CorpuscularObject

date
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: time
domain: Physical
range: Day
comment: A BinaryPredicate that specifies a TimePosition in absolute calendar time, at the resolution of one day, for a particular Object or Process.

component
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: CorpuscularObject
type: ObjectProperty
range: CorpuscularObject
sub property of: part
comment: A specialized common sense notion of part for heterogeneous parts of complexes. (component ?COMPONENT ?WHOLE) means that ?COMPONENT is a component of ?WHOLE. Examples of component include the doors and walls of a house, the states or provinces of a country, or the limbs and organs of an animal. Compare piece, which is also a subrelation of part.

geographicSubregion
type: TransitiveProperty
type: ObjectProperty
domain: GeographicArea
range: GeographicArea
comment: (geographicSubregion ?PART ?WHOLE) means that the GeographicArea ?PART is part of the GeographicArea ?WHOLE.
sub property of: located
sub property of: properPart

located
type: TransitiveProperty
sub property of: partlyLocated
comment: (located ?PHYS ?OBJ) means that ?PHYS is partlyLocated at ?OBJ, and there is no part or subProcess of ?PHYS that is not located at ?OBJ.
type: ObjectProperty

properPart
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: (properPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is a part of ?OBJ2 other than ?OBJ2 itself. This is a TransitiveRelation and AsymmetricRelation (hence an IrreflexiveRelation).
domain: Object
sub property of: part
type: ObjectProperty

engineeringSubcomponent
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: EngineeringComponent
range: EngineeringComponent
sub property of: properPart
comment: (engineeringSubcomponent ?SUB ?SUPER) means that the EngineeringComponent ?SUB is structurally a properPart of ?SUPER. This relation is an AsymmetricRelation, since two EngineeringComponents cannot be subcomponents of each other.
type: ObjectProperty

member
type: TransitiveProperty
type: ObjectProperty
range: Collection
domain: SelfConnectedObject
sub property of: part
comment: A specialized common sense notion of part for uniform parts of Collections. For example, each sheep in a flock of sheep would have the relationship of member to the flock.

subCollection
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: (subCollection ?COLL1 ?COLL2) means that the Collection ?COLL1 is a proper part of the Collection ?COLL2.
sub property of: part
domain: Collection
range: Collection
type: ObjectProperty

version
type: TransitiveProperty
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Some Artifacts have a life cycle with discrete stages or versions. (version ARTIFACT1 ARTIFACT2) means that ARTIFACT1 is a version of ARTIFACT2. Note that this Predicate relates subclasses of Artifact and not instances.
domain: Artifact
range: Artifact

superficialPart
type: TransitiveProperty
sub property of: part
range: Object
domain: Object
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (superficialPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is a part of ?OBJ2 that has no interior parts of its own (or, intuitively, that only overlaps those parts of ?OBJ2 that are externally connected with the mereological complement of ?OBJ2). This too is a transitive relation closed under MereologicalSumFn and MereologicalProductFn.

subList
type: TransitiveProperty
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (subList ?LIST1 ?LIST2) means that ?LIST1 is a sublist of ?LIST2, i.e. every element of ?LIST1 is an element of ?LIST2 and the elements that are common to both Lists have the same order in both Lists.
domain: List
range: List
sub property of: part

geopoliticalSubdivision
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: (geopoliticalSubdivision ?AREA1 ?AREA2) means that ?AREA1 is any geopolitical part of ?AREA2; that is, ?AREA1 is an integral geographicSubregion of ?AREA2 (not a DependencyOrSpecialSovereigntyArea), having its own associated GovernmentOrganization which is subordinated to or constrained by the government of ?AREA2. Cf. dependentGeopoliticalArea.
domain: GeopoliticalArea
sub property of: geographicSubregion
range: GeopoliticalArea
type: ObjectProperty

interiorPart
type: TransitiveProperty
range: Object
domain: Object
sub property of: part
comment: (interiorPart ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 is part ?OBJ2 and there is no overlap between ?OBJ1 and any superficialPart ?OBJ2.
type: ObjectProperty

precondition
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: A very general Predicate. (precondition ?PROC1 ?PROC2) means that an instance of ?PROC2 can exist only if an instance of ?PROC1 also exists.
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Process
range: Process

subsumesContentInstance
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: ContentBearingObject
range: ContentBearingObject
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part
comment: A BinaryPredicate relating two instances of ContentBearingObject. (subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the content expressed by ?OBJ2 is part of the content expressed by ?OBJ1. An example is the relationship between a handwritten poem and one of its stanzas. Note that this is a relation between instances, rather than Classes. If one wants to assert a content relationship between Classes, e.g. between the version of an intellectual work and a part of that work, the relation subsumesContentClass should be used.

subProposition
type: TransitiveProperty
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (subProposition ?PROP1 ?PROP2) means that ?PROP1 is a Proposition which is a proper part of the Proposition ?PROP2. In other words, subProposition is the analogue of properPart for chunks of abstract content.
sub property of: part
domain: Proposition
range: Proposition

piece
type: TransitiveProperty
type: ObjectProperty
range: Substance
sub property of: part
domain: Substance
comment: A specialized common sense notion of part for arbitrary parts of Substances. Quasi-synonyms are: chunk, hunk, bit, etc. Compare component, another subrelation of part.

equivalentContentInstance
type: TransitiveProperty
sub property of: subsumesContentInstance
sub property of: equivalenceRelation
comment: A BinaryPredicate relating two instances of ContentBearingObject. (equivalentContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the content expressed by ?OBJ1 is identical to the content expressed by ?OBJ2. An example would be the relationship between a handwritten draft of a letter to one's lawyer and a typed copy of the same letter. Note that (equivalentContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) implies (subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) and (subsumesContentInstance ?OBJ2 ?OBJ2).
type: SymmetricProperty
type: ObjectProperty
range: ContentBearingObject
domain: ContentBearingObject

subProcess
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: (subProcess ?SUBPROC ?PROC) means that ?SUBPROC is a subprocess of ?PROC. A subprocess is here understood as a temporally distinguished part (proper or not) of a Process.
range: Process
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part

subPlan
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Plan
range: Plan
comment: (subPlan ?PLAN1 ?PLAN2) means that ?PLAN1 is a Plan which is a proper part of ?PLAN2. This relation is generally used to relate a supporting Plan to the overall Plan in a particular context.
sub property of: subProposition
type: ObjectProperty

subOrganization
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Organization
range: Organization
comment: (subOrganization ?ORG1 ?ORG2) means that ?ORG1 is an Organization which is a part of the Organization ?ORG2. Note that subOrganization is a ReflexiveRelation, so every Organization is a subOrganization of itself.
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part
sub property of: subCollection

copy
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: relates an Object to an exact copy of the Object, where an exact copy is indistinguishable from the original with regard to every property except (possibly) spatial and/or temporal location.
sub property of: equivalenceRelation
range: Object
domain: Object
type: SymmetricProperty
type: ObjectProperty

relatedInternalConcept
type: TransitiveProperty
sub property of: equivalenceRelation
type: SymmetricProperty
type: ObjectProperty
range: Entity
comment: Means that the two arguments are related concepts within the SUMO, i.e. there is a significant similarity of meaning between them. To indicate a meaning relation between a SUMO concept and a concept from another source, use the Predicate relatedExternalConcept.
domain: Entity

connected
type: SymmetricProperty
sub property of: spatialRelation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (connected ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that ?OBJ1 meetsSpatially ?OBJ2 or that ?OBJ1 overlapsSpatially ?OBJ2.
domain: Object
range: Object

consistent
type: SymmetricProperty
type: ObjectProperty
comment: (consistent ?PROP1 ?PROP2) means that the two Propositions ?PROP1 and ?PROP2 are consistent with one another, i.e. it is possible for both of them to be true at the same time.
range: Proposition
domain: Proposition

legalRelation
type: SymmetricProperty
comment: (legalRelation ?AGENT1 ?AGENT2) means that ?AGENT1 and ?AGENT2 are relatives by virtue of a legal relationship. Some examples include marriage, adoption, etc.
domain: CognitiveAgent
type: ObjectProperty
range: CognitiveAgent

connectedEngineeringComponents
type: SymmetricProperty
domain: EngineeringComponent
sub property of: connected
range: EngineeringComponent
comment: This is the most general connection relation between EngineeringComponents. If (connectedEngineeringComponents ?COMP1 ?COMP2), then neither ?COMP1 nor ?COMP2 can be an engineeringSubcomponent of the other. The relation connectedEngineeringComponents is a SymmetricRelation; there is no information in the direction of connection between two components. It is also an IrreflexiveRelation; no EngineeringComponent bears this relation to itself. Note that this relation does not associate a name or type with the connection.
type: ObjectProperty

Likely
type: ProbabilityAttribute
comment: The ProbabilityAttribute of being probable, i.e. more likely than not to be True.

Left
type: PositionalAttribute
comment: This PositionalAttribute is derived from the left/right schema. Note that this means directly to the left, so that, if one object is to the left of another, then the projections of the two objects overlap.

Near
type: PositionalAttribute
comment: The relation of common sense adjacency. Note that, if an object is Near another object, then the objects are not connected.

Permission
type: DeonticAttribute
comment: Attribute that applies to Propositions that an Agent is permitted, by some authority, to make true.

Obligation
type: DeonticAttribute
comment: Attribute that applies to Propositions that an Agent is required, by some authority, to make true.

On
type: PositionalAttribute
comment: This is used to assert that an object is on top of another object, and it is derived from the up/down schema and involves contact.

Unlikely
type: ProbabilityAttribute
comment: The ProbabilityAttribute of being improbable, i.e. more likely than not to be False.

CoordinatedUniversalTimeZone
type: TimeZone
comment: A TimeZone which functions as the standard time zone. It is also known as Zulu time (in the military), Greenwich Mean Time, and the Western European time zone. Note that whenever a TimeZone is not specified, the TimePosition is understood to be with respect to the CoordinatedUniversalTimeZone.

NegativeInfinity
type: TimePoint
comment: The TimePoint that is before all other TimePoints.

Vertical
type: PositionalAttribute
comment: Attribute used to indicate that an Object is positioned height-wise with respect to another Object.

Adjacent
type: PositionalAttribute
comment: Used to assert that an object ?OBJ1 is close to, near or abutting ?OBJ2. This PositionalAttribute covers the following common sense notions: adjoins, abuts, is contiguous to, is juxtaposed, and is close to.

West
type: DirectionalAttribute
comment: The compass direction of West.

East
type: DirectionalAttribute
comment: The compass direction of East.

PositiveInfinity
type: TimePoint
comment: The TimePoint that is after all other TimePoints.

Necessity
type: AlethicAttribute
comment: Attribute that applies to Propositions that are necessary, i.e. true in every possible world.

Prohibition
type: DeonticAttribute
comment: Prohibition is the DeonticAttribute that applies to Formulas that an Agent is forbidden, by some authority, to make true.

Above
type: PositionalAttribute
comment: This is a PositionalAttribute derived from the up/down schema and not involving contact. Note that this means directly above, i.e., if one object is Above another object, then the projections of the two objects overlap.

Right
type: PositionalAttribute
comment: This PositionalAttribute is derived from the left/right schema. Note that this means directly to the right, so that, if one object is to the right of another, then the projections of the two objects overlap.

Horizontal
type: PositionalAttribute
comment: Attribute used to indicate that an Object is positioned width-wise with respect to another Object.

Unemployed
type: SocialRole
comment: The Attribute of a CognitiveAgent when he/she is unemployed.

Possibility
type: AlethicAttribute
comment: Attribute that applies to Propositions that are possible, i.e. true in at least one possible world.

North
type: DirectionalAttribute
comment: The compass direction of North.

Male
type: SexAttribute
comment: An Attribute indicating that an Organism is male in nature.

False
type: TruthValue
comment: The TruthValue of being false.

True
type: TruthValue
comment: The TruthValue of being true.

Below
type: PositionalAttribute
comment: This PositionalAttribute is derived from the up/down schema and may or may not involve contact. Note that this means directly below, i.e., if one object is Below another object, then the projections of the two objects overlap.

Female
type: SexAttribute
comment: An Attribute indicating that an Organism is female in nature.

South
type: DirectionalAttribute
comment: The compass direction of South.