The class of ComputerPrograms whose running copies perform specific functions either directly for users or as background processes. Examples of ApplicationPrograms include word processors or electronic diaries.
An activity is work that is performed within a process. The notion of Activity covers a wide range of tasks such as manual activities (e.g. repairing a car), system activities (e.g. defragmenting a hard disk) or interactive activities (e.g. filling out an electronic form). Activities are either complex or atomic.
The class of ApplicationSystemComponents that represent the interfaces between users and application systems. A screen visualizes the procedure of data input or data output as used by an application system.
A Rule describes a principle or condition that governs behavior.
The class of GraphNodes which are part of a ProcessGraph.
A SynchronizingMerge is a MergeNode which converges multiple paths into one single thread. If more than one path is taken, synchronization of the active threads needs to take place. If only one path is taken, the alternative branches should reconverge without synchronization. A synonym for SynchronizingMerge is synchronizing join. An example use case of SynchronizingMerge would be after either or both of the activities ContactFireDepartment and ContactInsuranceCompany have been completed (depending on whether they were executed at all), the activity SubmitReport needs to be performed (exactly once)
The class of ComputerProcessServices that are the foundation of the SOA. They represent the basic elements of the vertical domain.
The class of Objects that are elements of application systems or other application system components. ApplicationSystemComponents are object-like in a modeling sense and have a stable identity. Examples of ApplicationSystemComponents are the Modules, Functions or Screens of an application system.
The class of ComputerProcessServices that provide interfaces for cross-enterprise integration. Thus, they are of coarser granularity and have to provide appropriate mechanisms for e.g. decoupling, security, billing or rubustness.
All individuals of Knowledge which have a sumo:documentation in the form of a Document or a sumo:SymbolicString.
The class of BasicServices that encapsulate algorithms for complex calculations or business rules.
The class of Documents that are a copy or reproduction, which bears a close resemblance to the original.
The class of ProcessGraphNodes which perform logical decisions within the flow of a ProcessGraph. Individuals of GateNode may refer to at most one BusinessRule via a semanticRelation.
The class of self-contained components which have a well-defined interface to the other components. A Module may be used in combination with other components or executed on its own.
A SimpleMerge is a MergeNode where two or more alternative branches come together without synchronization. A synonym for SimpleMerge is XOR-join. An exmaple use case of SimpleMerge would be an activity ArchiveClaim which is enabled after either PayDamage or ContactCustomer is executed.
The class of EventNodes which indicate where a process will end. In terms of the flow between ProcessGraphNodes, the EndEvent ends the flow of a process.
An ExclusiveChoice is a SplitNode where, based on a decision, one of several branches is chosen. A synonym for ExclusiveChoice is XOR-split. An example use case of ExclusiveChoice would be an activity Eevaluate claim is followed by either pay damage or contact customer.
The class of BasicServices that handle persistent data.
A View or perspective is a way of regarding situations, topics or things.
MultiMerge is a MergeNode which reconverges two or more branches without synchronization. If more than one branch gets activated, possibly concurrently, the activity following the merge is started for every activation of every incoming branch. An example use case for MultiMerge may be when two or more parallel branches share the same ending. Instead of replicating the process for every branch, a MultiMerge can be used. An example of this would be two activities auditApplication and processApplication running in parallel which should both be followed by an activity closeCase.
The class of EventNodes that occur between a StartEvent and an EndEvent. An IntermediateEvent occurs after a Process has been started. It will affect the flow of the process, but will not start or (directly) terminate the process.
A ParallelSplit is a SplitNode that splits a single thread of control into multiple threads of control which can be executed in parallel. A synonym for ParallelSplit is AND-split. An example use case of ParallelSplit is the execution of the activity Payment which enables both the execution of the activities ShipGoods and InformCustomer.
A StateOfAffair is a situation. It consists of a set of relationships between particular entities and it can be said to hold, or be true (and conversely to not hold or to be false). StateOfAffairs may be preconditions or effects of Activities.
The class of ApplicationSystemComponents that perform specific tasks and can be relatively independent of other components. In terms of transactions, Functions are the smallest unit of an ApplicationSystemComponent that needs to be executed as a whole in order to accomplish one processing step. Functions depend on sumo:ComputerPrograms which allow the execution of a function on a computer system. Synonyms are routine, subroutine, subprogram, procedure or methods.
The class of Knowledge which is hard (if not impossible) to externalise. Expertise is an extraordinary ability to solve problems or performance in specific tasks and is based on wide experience.
A set of members of the View-class which are related to a specific topic or theme. SubjectViews may be used to refine the display of models or ontologies.
The class of Gates that split a single thread of control into multiple threads of control which can be executed in parallel.
The class of Propositions which are (i) facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject, (ii) what is known in a particular FieldOfStudy or in total; facts and information or (iii) awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation.
The class of ProcessGraphNodes which represent events in a ProcessGraph, i.e. that something has happened. Individuals of EventNode may refer to at most one Event via a semanticRelation.
The Class of EnterpriseObjectives which are declared to be of strategic importance. Though such a declaration is arbitrary, StrategicObjectives tend to be more ‘high-level’, i.e. less measurable and with a longer time horizon than non-strategic objectives.
The class of ProcessGraphNodes which indicate that something is done. Each individual of ActivityNode refers to at most one Activity via a semanticRelation.
The class of targets or goals which are intended to be attained (and which are believed to be attainable).
The class of SentientAgents that are workers who are hired to perform a job. More formally, each Human that isEmployed in some sumo:Organization is an Employee.
An Event is something that happens at a given place and time.
The class of ComputerProcessServices that encapsulate knowledge of the organization’s business processes. Process centric services are typically both client and server of a SOA, and maintain the process state.
A WorkGroup is both a GroupOfPeople and an OrganizationalUnit which is temporal. An example of a WorkGroup is a group of employees working on a project.
A Synchronization is a MergeNode that converges multiple parallel processes or activities into one single thread of control, thus synchronizing multiple threads. A synonym for Synchronization is AND-join. An example use case of Synchronization would be an activity Archive that is enabled after the completion of both activity SendTickets and activity ReceivePayment.
A ComputerProcessService is a mechanism that enables access to one or more capabilities, where the access is provided using a prescribed interface and is exercised consistent with constraints and policies as specified by the service description.
The class of ContentBearingObjects which flow between distributed systems according to the data and processes involved.
The Class of ComputerPrograms involved in integrating a computer's various capabilities, but typically are not directly applied in the performance of tasks that benefit the user.
The class of Objectives that are definitions of future company goals. EnterpriseObjectives are supposed to be reached by supporting critical factors and/or realizing new business processes. Note that critical factors specify the aspects which need to be considered in order to achieve a particular EnterpriseObjective. EnterpriseObjective. EnterpriseObjectives are defined by at least one sumo:Organization.
A MultiChoice is a SplitNode in the workflow process where, based on a decision or workflow control data, a number of branches are chosen. A synonym for MultiChoice is OR-split. An example use case of MultiChoice would be the execution of the activity ContactFireDepartment or ContactInsuranceCompany after the activity EvaluateDamage is executed where at least one of these activities is executed.
The class of EventNodes that indicates where a particular Process will start. In terms of the process flow, the StartEvent starts the flow of the Process, and thus, will not have any incoming process flow.
The class of EnterpriseObjectives which represent a superior motif for the business concerned; as a comprehensive but very bold statement they are vague, yet serve as the prime principle of action and as such express a kind of short version of the company philosophy. In comparison with objectives and strategic objectives, visions are the least measurable objectives and have the longest time horizon.
The class of graphs which represent processes. The nodes of a ProcessGraph correspond to Activities, the arcs define a sequential or logical flow between the nodes and can be represented using the flow-relation. A ProcessGraph may represent a ProcessModel.
A Database is a structured collection of records.
A Service is performed in the course of a value-added process and is offered to at least one customer being an individual of sumo:Organization. The trigger for the creation of a service is always the requirements of an Organization (or organizational unit) being a customer of an Agent. Note that in economics and marketing, a service is the non-material equivalent of a good.
The class of ComputerProcessServices that are both client and server of a Service-Oriented Architecture. Unlike ProcessCentricServices they are stateless.
The class of ContentBearingObjects that are a bounded physical representation of body of information designed with the capacity (and usually intent) to communicate. Examples of documents include purchase orders, contracts, manuals, specifications et cetera.
An application system is a system used to solve specific business problems. Application systems may be broken down into components such as modules, functions or screens. An example of an application system is a document management system or intranet portal. The notion of an application system encompasses also the hardware and software required to run the system.
A Cluster is a group of Entities which are aggregated according to some specific criteria. A Cluster may be a part of another Cluster.
(supportsObjective ?ACTIVITY ?OBJECTIVE) expresses that an ?ACTIVITY is done (also: carried out, performed or executed) in order to attain an ?OBJECTIVE.
(subProcess_directly ?SUBPROCESS ?PROCESS) expresses that a ?SUBPROCESS is a direct (i.e. asserted rather than inferred) sub-process of another ?PROCESS. This relation is the inverse of the hasSubProcess_directly-relation.
(narrowerThan ?MODELORGRAPHNODE ?ENTITY) expresses that a ?MODELORGRAPHNODE is semantically linked to an ?ENTITY and that the former is in some way more specificl ("narrower") than the latter. The relation is the inverse of broaderThan.
(flow_directly ?PROCESSGRAPHNODEA ?PROCESSGRAPHNODEB) expresses that there is a direct (i.e. asserted rather than inferred) link between the two nodes. An example of such a flow is an output of an activity or function which is directly connected to a gate or event.
(employed ?HUMAN ?ORGANIZATION) expresses that an ?HUMAN is works in an ?ORGANIZATION. This relation is the inverse of sumo:employs.
(memberOfView ?ENTITY ?VIEW) expresses that an ?ENTITY is relevant or noticeable from a specific perspective or point of view indicated by ?VIEW.
(uses ?ACTIVITY ?ENTITY) means that ?ENTITY is utilized by an agent involved in an ?ACTIVITY. The notion of (uses ?ACTIVITY ?ENTITY) is much like (instrument ?PROCESS ?ENTITY) but without requiring the entity to be an object.
(equivalentTo ?MODELORGRAPHNODE ?ENTITY) expresses that a ?MODELORGRAPHNODE is semantically linked to an ?ENTITY and that both represent an equivalent notion. The relation is symmetric.
(doer ?ACTIVITY ?AGENT) expresses that an ?ACTIVITY is done (also: carried out, performed or executed) by an ?AGENT.
(offeredTo ?PRODUCTORSERVICE ?ORGANIZATION) expresses that a ?PRODUCTORSERVICE is offered to an ?ORGANIZATION for sale.
(hasCost ?ACTIVITY ?CURRENCYMEASURE) A relation that expresses that an ?ACTIVITY is associated with a monetary value which is an instance of ?CURRENCYMEASURE. The cost is the value of money that has been used up to produce or execute a process and hence is not available for use anymore
(hasSubProcess_directly ?PROCESS ?SUBPROCESS) expresses that a ?PROCESS has a direct (i.e. asserted rather than inferred) part ?SUBPROCESS. The relation is the inverse of the subProcessOf_directly relation.
(depends_directly ?ENTITYA ?ENTITYB) expresses that an ?ENTITYA (e.g. a component of a computer system) directly needs, requires, relies or is contingent upon another ?ENTITYB (e.g. another component of a computer system) either directly or indirectly.
(triggers ?EVENT ?ACTIVITY) expresses that an ?EVENT causes the execution of an ?ACTIVITY.
(subOrganization_directly ?ORG1 ?ORG2) means that ?ORG1 is an Organization which is stated or explicitly defined to be a part of the Organization ?ORG2.
(hasPosition ?EMPLOYEE ?POSITION) expresses that an ?EMPLOYEE has a formal ?POSITION of reponsibility within an organization.
(definedBy ?RULEOROBJECTIVE ?ORGANIZATION) expresses that a ?RULEOROBJECTIVE is specified by a ?ORGANIZATION.
(responsibleFor ?AGENT ?PROCESS) expresses that an ?AGENT is responsible for a ?PROCESS.
(broaderThan ?MODELORGRAPHNODE ?ENTITY) expresses that a ?MODELORGRAPHNODE is semantically linked to an ?ENTITY and that the former is in some way more general ("broader") than the latter. The relation is the inverse of narrowerThan.
(graphArc ?GRAPHNODEA ?GRAPHNODEB) expresses that a link between ?GRAPHNODEA and ?GRAPHNODEB exists.
(semanticAnnotation ?MODELORGRAPHNODE ?ENTITY) expresses that a ?MODELORGRAPHNODE is semantically linked to an ?ENTITY.
A relation that expresses that a ?QuantityMeasure has a value which can be represented as an integer value.
(depends ?ENTITYA ?ENTITYB) expresses that an ?ENTITYA (e.g. a component of a computer system) needs, requires, relies or is contingent upon another ?ENTITYB (e.g. another component of a computer system) either directly or indirectly.
(hasSubProcess ?PROCESS ?SUBPROCESS) expresses that a ?PROCESS has a part ?SUBPROCESS. The relation is the inverse of the sumo:subProcess relation and is transitive.
(flow ?PROCESSGRAPHNODEA ?PROCESSGRAPHNODEB) expresses that something (e.g. logical control, material flow, input, output etc.) is passed from one node to the other. The relation is transitive.
(businessRelation ?ORGANIZATIONA ?ORGANIZATIONB) expresses that a ?ORGANIZATIONA has a business relationship with ?ORGANIZATIONB.
The class of Artifacts that are both CommunicationDevices and ElectricDevices and permit linguistic communication between remote points by converting sound into electrical signals that are then transmitted. When the signals are received, they are converted back into sound.
The Internet is a CommunicationSystem for the rapid delivery of information between computers.
The class of Telephones that are used without an immediate connection to a main telephone line, because they connect via radio frequencies to local cell stations that relay the call to a telephone exchange.
The class of CommunicationSystems that consists of interconnected Telephones, telephone exchanges, and telephone lines or communication satellites, with any other needed components that work together to make telephonic communication possible from point to point in a given area.