monthlymeanplus2SD
type: Ingrid Procedure
has argument: monthlymeanplus2SD_a1
syntax ex: Description monthlymeanplus2SD produces the monthly disease epidemic threshold "Mean plus 2xSD" from monthly values of epidemic data from multiple user-selected years. This function incorporates the functions monthlymean and monthlySD to calculate the result. This epidemic threshold is calculated as the average (by month of year) of multiple user-selected years of monthly disease data, plus 2.0 times the standard deviation of the monthly values that went into each monthly average. This function was developed as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon monthly case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic years as the input variable. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a monthly time grid named "T". Example In the following example, monthlymeanplus2SD calculates the 5-year mean (by month of year) of monthly malaria incidence values plus 2.0 times the standard deviation of the monthly values that went into each monthly average for the years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. expert home ciphEritreamalariamonthly96-03incidence district (DEBUB-DENKALIA) VALUE T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES monthlymeanplus2SD Reference World Health Organization, 2004: Field guide for malaria epidemic assessment and reporting: Draft for field testing. WHO/HTM/MAL/2004.1097, World Health Organization, Geneva, 64 pp.
func desc: Calculation of the disease epidemic threshold "Mean plus 2xSD" from monthly values of epidemic data from multiple user-selected years.
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
comment: Calculation of the disease epidemic threshold "Mean plus 2xSD" from monthly values of epidemic data from multiple user-selected years.
func name: monthlymeanplus2SD
is described by: statistical functions
has argument: monthlymeanplus2SD_a2
ingrid code: 1 /monthlymeanplus2SD publicproc: a: monthlymean :a: monthlySD 2 mul :a add /name (Mean_plus_2SD) def /fullname (Mean plus 2SD) def /long_name (Mean plus 2SD) def :publicproc

monthlymeanplus2SD_a1
type: Argument
arg name: var
argument type: variable
in out: in
arg desc: Variable of monthly values from multiple calendar years
arg order: 1
is argument of: monthlymeanplus2SD
optional: false

Health and Climate Functions
type: Keyword
describes: monthlymeanplus1SD
describes: monthlyMAVEplus1SD
describes: monthlyMAVE
describes: monthlymean
describes: pentadMAVEplus1p96SD
describes: pentadMAVE_SD
describes: monthlymeanplus2SD
describes: monthlyMAVEplus1p96SD
describes: k-means136
describes: pentadmean
describes: pentadMAVEplus2SD
describes: monthlyMAVEplus2SD
describes: monthlyMAVE_SD
describes: monthly3Q
describes: pentad3Q
describes: weeklytomonthly
describes: pentadMAVEplus1SD
describes: monthlyepithresholds
describes: pentadmeanplus1SD
describes: weeklytopentad
describes: pentadmeanplus2SD
describes: pentadMAVE
describes: pentadSD
describes: monthlySD
describes: pentadepithresholds

monthlymeanplus1SD
type: Ingrid Procedure
syntax ex: Description monthlymeanplus1SD produces the monthly disease epidemic threshold "Mean plus 1xSD" from monthly values of epidemic data from multiple user-selected years. This function incorporates the functions monthlymean and monthlySD to calculate the result. This epidemic threshold is calculated as the average (by month of year) of multiple user-selected years of monthly disease data, plus one standard deviation of the monthly values that went into each monthly average. This function was developed as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon monthly case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic years as the input variable. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a monthly time grid named "T". Example In the following example, monthlymeanplus1SD calculates the 5-year mean (by month of year) of monthly malaria incidence values plus one standard deviation of the monthly values that went into each monthly average for the years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. expert home ciphEritreamalariamonthly96-03incidence district (DEBUB-DENKALIA) VALUE T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES monthlymeanplus1SD Reference World Health Organization, 2004: Field guide for malaria epidemic assessment and reporting: Draft for field testing. WHO/HTM/MAL/2004.1097, World Health Organization, Geneva, 64 pp.
has argument: monthlymeanplus1SD_a1
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
has argument: monthlymeanplus1SD_a2
func name: monthlymeanplus1SD
func desc: Calculation of the disease epidemic threshold "Mean plus 1xSD" from monthly values of epidemic data from multiple user-selected years.
comment: Calculation of the disease epidemic threshold "Mean plus 1xSD" from monthly values of epidemic data from multiple user-selected years.
ingrid code: 1 /monthlymeanplus1SD publicproc: a: monthlymean :a: monthlySD 1 mul :a add /name (Mean_plus_1SD) def /fullname (Mean plus 1SD) def /long_name (Mean plus 1SD) def :publicproc
is described by: statistical functions

monthlymeanplus1SD_a1
type: Argument
arg order: 1
arg desc: Variable of monthly values from multiple calendar years
optional: false
arg name: var
argument type: variable
is argument of: monthlymeanplus1SD
in out: in

monthlymeanplus1SD_a2
type: Argument
in out: out
argument type: variable
arg order: 2
arg desc: The multiple-year average (by month of year) plus 1 times the standard deviation (by month) of these monthly values
is argument of: monthlymeanplus1SD
arg name: confidence interval
optional: false

monthlyMAVEplus1SD
type: Ingrid Procedure
func desc: Three-month running average (by month of year) of multiple-year monthly mean values plus one standard deviation (by month of year) of monthly values from overlapping three-month seasons from multiple user-selected years
func name: monthlyMAVEplus1SD
is described by: statistical functions
has argument: monthlyMAVEplus1SD_a2
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
syntax ex: Description monthlyMAVEplus1SD produces the monthly disease epidemic threshold "MAVE plus 1SD" from monthly values of disease data from multiple user-selected years. This epidemic threshold is calculated as the three-month average of the average of multiple user-selected years of monthly disease data, plus one standard deviation of the monthly values that went into the average. Generally five years will be selected; so, for a given month of the year, the mean and standard deviation will be calculated from 15 monthly values. The calculation makes use of the threshold functions monthlyMAVE and monthlyMAVE_SD. This function was developed as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon monthly case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic years as the input variable. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a monthly time grid named "T". Example In the following example, monthlyMAVEplus1SD calculates the three-month average of the 5-year mean (by month of year) of monthly malaria incidence values plus one standard deviation of the 15 monthly values that went into each average for the years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. expert homeciphEritrea malariamonthly96-03incidence district (DEBUB-DENKALIA) VALUE T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES monthlyMAVEplus1SD Reference World Health Organization, 2004: Field guide for malaria epidemic assessment and reporting: Draft for field testing. WHO/HTM/MAL/2004.1097, World Health Organization, Geneva, 64 pp.
has argument: monthlyMAVEplus1SD_a1
comment: Three-month running average (by month of year) of multiple-year monthly mean values plus one standard deviation (by month of year) of monthly values from overlapping three-month seasons from multiple user-selected years
ingrid code: 1 /monthlyMAVEplus1SD publicproc: a: monthlyMAVE :a: monthlyMAVE_SD 1.0 mul :a add /name (MAVE plus 1SD) def /fullname (MAVE plus 1SD) def /long_name (MAVE plus 1SD) def :publicproc

monthlyMAVEplus1SD_a2
type: Argument
arg desc: The three-month seasonal average of the multiple-year average (by month of year) of monthly input values plus one standard deviation (by month) of these monthly values
optional: false
in out: out
arg name: confidence interval
is argument of: monthlyMAVEplus1SD
arg order: 2
argument type: variable

monthlyMAVEplus1SD_a1
type: Argument
arg order: 1
arg desc: Variable of monthly values from multiple calendar years
arg name: var
argument type: variable
optional: false
in out: in
is argument of: monthlyMAVEplus1SD

pentadSD
type: Ingrid Procedure
func name: pentadSD
func desc: Standard deviation (by pentad of year) of multiple selected years of values on a pentad time grid
comment: Standard deviation (by pentad of year) of multiple selected years of values on a pentad time grid
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
ingrid code: 1 /pentadSD publicproc: T name npts NewIntegerGRID replaceGRID T 73 splitstreamgrid T name (pentads since 1960-01-01) periodic 0.5 1 72.5 NewEvenGRID replaceGRID a: dataflag [T2]sum dup 1 sub div sqrt :a: [T2]rmsaover :a mul /fullname (SD) def :publicproc
has argument: pentadSD_a2
is described by: statistical functions
syntax ex: Description pentadSD calculates the multiple-year standard deviation (by pentad of year) of pentad values from user-selected years. This function was created as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon pentad case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic calendar years as the input variable. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a pentad time grid named "T". Example In the following example, weekly malaria case numbers in districts in Botswana are converted to pentad values, and the standard deviation by pentad is calculated based upon malaria case values from five selected years. expert home ciphBotswanadistricts17Malariaconf weeklytopentad T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES pentadSD
has argument: pentadSD_a1

pentadSD_a2
type: Argument
arg desc: Standard deviation (by pentad of year) of multiple years of values on a pentad time grid
optional: false
argument type: variable
arg name: Standard Deviation
arg order: 2
is argument of: pentadSD
in out: out

pentadSD_a1
type: Argument
in out: in
optional: false
arg desc: Variable of values on a pentad time grid
argument type: variable
arg order: 1
arg name: var
is argument of: pentadSD

pentadmeanplus2SD
type: Ingrid Procedure
func desc: Calculation of the pentad disease epidemic threshold "Mean plus 2xSD" from pentad values of epidemiological data from multiple user-selected years
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
ingrid code: 1 /pentadmeanplus2SD publicproc: a: pentadmean :a: pentadSD 2 mul :a add /name (Mean_plus_2SD) def /fullname (Mean plus 2SD) def /long_name (Mean plus 2SD) def :publicproc
has argument: pentadmeanplus2SD_a2
syntax ex: Description pentadmeanplus2SD produces the pentad disease epidemic threshold "Mean plus 2xSD" from monthly values of epidemiological data from multiple user-selected years. This function incorporates the functions pentadmean and pentadSD to calculate the result. This epidemic threshold is calculated as the average (by pentad of year) of multiple user-selected years of pentad disease data, plus 2.0 times the standard deviation of the pentad values that went into each pentad average. This function was developed as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon pentad case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic years as the input variable. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a pentad time grid named "T". Example In the following example, weeklytopentad converts weekly malaria case numbers to pentad values. Then, pentadmeanplus2SD calculates the 5-year mean (by pentad of year) of the pentad values plus 2.0 times the standard deviation of the pentad values that went into each pentad average for the years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. expert homeciphBotswanadistricts17Malariaconf weeklytopentad T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES pentadmeanplus2SD Reference World Health Organization, 2004: Field guide for malaria epidemic assessment and reporting: Draft for field testing. WHO/HTM/MAL/2004.1097, World Health Organization, Geneva, 64 pp.
comment: Calculation of the pentad disease epidemic threshold "Mean plus 2xSD" from pentad values of epidemiological data from multiple user-selected years
has argument: pentadmeanplus2SD_a1
is described by: statistical functions
func name: pentadmeanplus2SD

pentadmeanplus2SD_a2
type: Argument
arg order: 2
is argument of: pentadmeanplus2SD
in out: out
optional: false
arg name: confidence interval
arg desc: The multiple-year average (by pentad of year) plus 2 times the standard deviation (by pentad) of these pentad values
argument type: variable

pentadmeanplus2SD_a1
type: Argument
is argument of: pentadmeanplus2SD
arg desc: Variable of pentad values from multiple user-selected years
arg name: var
in out: in
optional: false
argument type: variable
arg order: 1

pentadMAVE_SD
type: Ingrid Procedure
ingrid code: 1 /pentadMAVE_SD publicproc: T name npts NewIntegerGRID replaceGRID T 73 splitstreamgrid T name (pentads since 1960-01-01) periodic 0.5 1 72.5 NewEvenGRID replaceGRID dup T (1-5 Jan 1959) (27-31 Dec 1961) RANGE T 0.5 2.5 masknotrange mul dataflag 0 0 maskrange T -71 1 1 shiftdatashort mul a: dataflag [T2 T]sum dup 1 sub div sqrt :a:[T2 T]rmsaover :a mul T_lag /T renameGRID T name (pentads since 1960-01-01) periodic 72.5 -1 0.5 NewEvenGRID replaceGRID T (1-5 Jan) (27-31 Dec) RANGE /fullname (MAVE SD) def :publicproc
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
syntax ex: Description pentadMAVE_SD calculates the standard deviation (by pentad of year) of pentad values from overlapping three-pentad periods from multiple years, assuming a self-periodic pentad grid for each user-selected year. This function was developed as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon pentad case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic calendar years as the input variable. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a pentad time grid named "T". Example In the following example weekly values of malaria case numbers for districts in Botswana have been converted to pentad values using weeklytopentad. Resulting values from 1996-2000 are then chosen, and pentadMAVE_SD is applied, which calculates the standard deviation, by pentad of year, of pentad values from overlapping three-pentad periods from multiple years. expert home ciphBotswanadistricts17Malariaconf weeklytopentad T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES pentadMAVE_SD
has argument: pentadMAVE_SD_a1
func name: pentadMAVE_SD
comment: Standard deviation (by pentad of year) of three-pentad running average of multiple years of values on a pentad time grid
is described by: statistical functions
func desc: Standard deviation (by pentad of year) of pentad values from overlapping three-pentad periods from multiple years
has argument: pentadMAVE_SD_a2

pentadMAVE_SD_a1
type: Argument
in out: in
arg name: var
optional: false
is argument of: pentadMAVE_SD
argument type: variable
arg order: 1
arg desc: Variable of multiple years of values on a pentad time grid

pentadMAVE_SD_a2
type: Argument
arg order: 2
optional: false
in out: out
arg name: standard deviation
arg desc: Standard deviation of three-pentad running average of multiple calendar years of pentad values
is argument of: pentadMAVE_SD
argument type: variable

monthlyMAVEplus1p96SD
type: Ingrid Procedure
syntax ex: Description monthlyMAVEplus1p96SD produces the monthly disease epidemic threshold "MAVE plus 1.96xSD" from monthly values of disease data from multiple user-selected years. This epidemic threshold is calculated as the three-month average of the average of multiple user-selected years of monthly disease data, plus 1.96 times the standard deviation of the monthly values that went into the average. Generally five years will be selected; so, for a given month of the year, the mean and standard deviation will be calculated from 15 monthly values. The result represents the 95% confidence interval with respect to the seasonal mean. The calculation makes use of the threshold functions monthlyMAVE and monthlyMAVE_SD. This function was developed as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon monthly case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic years as the input variable. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a monthly time grid named "T". Example In the following example, monthlyMAVEplus1p96SD calculates the three-month average of the 5-year mean (by month of year) of monthly malaria incidence values plus 1.96 times the standard deviation of the 15 monthly values that went into each average for the years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. expert homeciphEritrea malariamonthly96-03incidence district (DEBUB-DENKALIA) VALUE T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES monthlyMAVEplus1p96SD Reference World Health Organization, 2004: Field guide for malaria epidemic assessment and reporting: Draft for field testing. WHO/HTM/MAL/2004.1097, World Health Organization, Geneva, 64 pp.
func desc: Three-month running average (by month of year) of multiple-year monthly mean values plus 1.96 times the standard deviation (by month of year) of monthly values from overlapping three-month seasons from multiple user-selected years
ingrid code: 1 /monthlyMAVEplus1p96SD publicproc: a: monthlyMAVE :a: monthlyMAVE_SD 1.96 mul :a add /name (MAVE plus 1.96SD) def /fullname (MAVE plus 1.96SD) def /long_name (MAVE plus 1.96SD) def :publicproc
is described by: statistical functions
func name: monthlyMAVEplus1p96SD
has argument: monthlyMAVEplus1p96SD_a2
has argument: monthlyMAVEplus1p96SD_a1
comment: Three-month running average (by month of year) of multiple-year monthly mean values plus 1.96 times the standard deviation (by month of year) of monthly values from overlapping three-month seasons from multiple user-selected years
is described by: Health and Climate Functions

monthlyMAVEplus1p96SD_a2
type: Argument
in out: out
is argument of: monthlyMAVEplus1p96SD
arg order: 2
arg name: confidence interval
argument type: variable
arg desc: The three-month seasonal average of the multiple-year average (by month of year) of monthly input values plus 1.96 times the standard deviation (by month) of these monthly values
optional: false

monthlyMAVEplus1p96SD_a1
type: Argument
optional: false
is argument of: monthlyMAVEplus1p96SD
arg desc: Variable of monthly values from multiple calendar years
argument type: variable
arg order: 1
arg name: var
in out: in

monthlyMAVE_SD
type: Ingrid Procedure
syntax ex: Description monthlyMAVE_SD calculates the standard deviation (by month of year) of monthly values from overlapping three-month seasons from multiple years, assuming a self-periodic monthly grid for each user-selected year. This function was developed as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon monthly case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic years as the input variable. If five calendar years are selected, this function will use 15 monthly values to determine the standard deviation for a given calendar month. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a monthly time grid named "T". Example In the following example, monthlyMAVE_SD calculates the standard deviation (by month of year) of monthly malaria incidence data from overlapping three-month seasons from five selected years (1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000). expert homeciph Eritreamalariamonthly96-03incidence district (DEBUB-DENKALIA) VALUE T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES monthlyMAVE_SD
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
comment: Standard deviation (by month of year) of monthly values from overlapping three-month seasons from multiple user-selected years
ingrid code: 1 /monthlyMAVE_SD publicproc: T name npts NewIntegerGRID replaceGRID T 12 splitstreamgrid T name (months since 01-Jan) periodic Jan 1 Dec NewEvenGRID replaceGRID dup T (Jan 1959) (Dec 1961) RANGE T 0.5 2.5 masknotrange mul dataflag 0 0 maskrange T -10 1 1 shiftdatashort mul a: dataflag [T2 T]sum dup 1 sub div sqrt :a: [T2 T]rmsaover :a mul T_lag /T renameGRID T name (months since 01-Jan) periodic Dec -1 Jan NewEvenGRID replaceGRID T (Jan) (Dec) RANGE /fullname (MAVE SD) def :publicproc
func name: monthlyMAVE_SD
is described by: smoothing data
has argument: monthlyMAVE_SD_a2
is described by: average
func desc: Standard deviation (by month of year) of monthly values from overlapping three-month seasons from multiple user-selected years
has argument: monthlyMAVE_SD_a1
is described by: statistical functions

monthlyMAVE
type: Ingrid Procedure
is described by: smoothing data
func name: monthlyMAVE
is described by: statistical functions
ingrid code: 1 /monthlyMAVE publicproc: T name npts NewIntegerGRID replaceGRID T 12 splitstreamgrid T name (months since 01-Jan) periodic Jan 1 Dec NewEvenGRID replaceGRID T (Dec 1959) (Jan 1961) RANGE [T2]average T 3 runningAverage T /pointwidth 1 def pop T name (months since 01-Jan) periodic Jan 1 Dec NewEvenGRID replaceGRID /fullname (MAVE) def :publicproc
has argument: monthlyMAVE_a1
comment: Three-month running average (by month of year) of multiple-year monthly mean values from several calendar years
has argument: monthlyMAVE_a2
is described by: average
func desc: Three-month running average (by month of year) of multiple-year monthly mean values from several calendar years
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
syntax ex: Description monthlyMAVE calculates the three-month running average (by calendar month of year) of the multiple-year mean of monthly values (a monthly climatology). The three-month running average is calculated for each year separately, assuming a self-periodic monthly grid. This function was created as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon monthly case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic calendar years as the input variable. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a monthly time grid named "T". Example In the following example, monthlyMAVE calculates the three-month running average of the five-year mean (using data from 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000) of monthly malaria incidence values. expert home ciphEritreamalariamonthly96-03incidence district (DEBUB-DENKALIA) VALUE T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES monthlyMAVE Reference World Health Organization, 2004: Field guide for malaria epidemic assessment and reporting: Draft for field testing. WHO/HTM/MAL/2004.1097, World Health Organization, Geneva, 64 pp.

monthlyMAVE_a1
type: Argument
arg desc: Variable of monthly values from several calendar years
arg order: 1
arg name: var
argument type: variable
is argument of: monthlyMAVE
in out: in
optional: false

monthlyMAVE_a2
type: Argument
arg order: 2
argument type: variable
optional: false
in out: out
arg name: meanvar
arg desc: Three-month running average (by month of year) of multiple-year mean monthly values
is argument of: monthlyMAVE

pentadMAVE
type: Ingrid Procedure
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
has argument: pentadMAVE_a1
comment: Three-pentad running average (by pentad of year) of the multiple-year mean of values on a pentad time grid
syntax ex: Description pentadMAVE calculates the three-pentad running average (by pentad of year) of the multiple-year mean of values on a pentad time grid. This function was created as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon pentad case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic calendar years as the input variable. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a pentad time grid named "T". Example In the following example weekly malaria case numbers from districts in Botswana are converted to pentad values by weeklytopentad. Then, using pentadMAVE, the multiple-year average (by pentad) of the pentad values from the years 1996-2000 is calculated, followed by the calculation of the three-pentad running average of these mean values (on a periodic pentad time grid of the calendar year). expert home ciphBotswanadistricts17Malariaconf weeklytopentad T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES pentadMAVE
is described by: smoothing data
is described by: average
is described by: statistical functions
ingrid code: 1 /pentadMAVE publicproc: T name npts NewIntegerGRID replaceGRID T 73 splitstreamgrid T name (pentads since 1960-01-01) periodic 0.5 1 72.5 NewEvenGRID replaceGRID [T2]average T 3 runningAverage T /pointwidth 1 def pop T name (pentads since 1960-01-01) periodic 0.5 1 72.5 NewEvenGRID replaceGRID /fullname (MAVE) def :publicproc
func desc: Three-pentad running average (by pentad of year) of the multiple-year mean of values on a pentad time grid
has argument: pentadMAVE_a2
func name: pentadMAVE

pentadMAVE_a1
type: Argument
arg order: 1
argument type: variable
arg name: var
is argument of: pentadMAVE
in out: in
optional: false
arg desc: Input variable of multiple calendar years of values on a pentad time grid

pentadMAVE_a2
type: Argument
arg desc: Three-pentad running average of multiple-year average (by pentad of year) of pentad values
arg order: 2
optional: false
arg name: average
argument type: variable
is argument of: pentadMAVE
in out: out

pentadmean
type: Ingrid Procedure
has argument: pentadmean_a1
is described by: statistical functions
is described by: average
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
has argument: pentadmean a2
func name: pentadmean
func desc: Multiple-year mean (by pentad of year) of values on a pentad time grid
comment: Multiple-year mean (by pentad of year) of values on a pentad time grid
syntax ex: Description pentadmean calculates the multiple-year mean (by pentad of year) of values from user selected calendar years on a pentad time grid. This function was created as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon pentad case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic calendar years as the input variable. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a pentad time grid named "T". Example In the following example, weekly malaria case numbers for districts in Botswana are converted to pentad values. Then, the multiple-year mean is calculated by the pentad of year for five user-selected years. expert homeciphBotswanadistricts17Malariaconf weeklytopentad T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES pentadmean
ingrid code: 1 /pentadmean publicproc: T name npts NewIntegerGRID replaceGRID T 73 splitstreamgrid T name (pentads since 1960-01-01) periodic 0.5 1 72.5 NewEvenGRID replaceGRID [T2]average /fullname (Mean) def :publicproc

pentadmean_a1
type: Argument
in out: in
arg name: var
optional: false
is argument of: pentadmean
arg desc: Variable of values on a pentad time grid from multiple years
arg order: 1
argument type: variable

pentadmean a2
type: Argument
in out: out
arg name: mean
is argument of: pentadmean
argument type: variable
arg desc: Multiple-year mean (by pentad of year) of values on a pentad time grid
optional: false
arg order: 2

monthlymean
type: Ingrid Procedure
has argument: monthlymean_a1
has argument: monthlymean_a2
syntax ex: Description monthlymean calculates the mean (by calendar month of year) of monthly data over a set of multiple user-selected years. This function was created as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon monthly case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic calendar years as the input variable. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a monthly time grid named "T". Example In the following example, the mean of monthly malaria incidence values is calculated by month over the years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. expert homeciphEritreamalaria monthly96-03incidence district (DEBUB-DENKALIA) VALUE T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES monthlymean
ingrid code: 1 /monthlymean publicproc: T name npts NewIntegerGRID replaceGRID T 12 splitstreamgrid T name (months since 01-Jan) periodic Jan 1 Dec NewEvenGRID replaceGRID [T2]average /fullname (Mean) def :publicproc
comment: Multiple-year average (by month of year) of monthly values
func name: monthlymean
func desc: Multiple-year average (by month of year) of monthly values
is described by: average
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
is described by: statistical functions

monthlymean_a1
type: Argument
arg name: var
arg desc: Monthly input values from a series of years
in out: in
argument type: variable
arg order: 1
optional: false
is argument of: monthlymean

monthlymean_a2
type: Argument
arg name: meanvar
arg desc: Mean (by month of year) of multiple years of monthly values
in out: out
optional: false
arg order: 2
is argument of: monthlymean
argument type: variable

monthlyMAVE_SD_a2
type: Argument
optional: false
in out: out
arg order: 2
argument type: variable
arg name: standard deviation
arg desc: Standard deviation of three-month running average of monthly input values from several calendar years
is argument of: monthlyMAVE_SD

monthlyMAVE_SD_a1
type: Argument
arg name: var
in out: in
arg order: 1
is argument of: monthlyMAVE_SD
argument type: variable
optional: false
arg desc: Variable of monthly values from multiple calendar years

pentad3Q
type: Ingrid Procedure
ingrid code: 1 /pentad3Q publicproc: T name npts NewIntegerGRID replaceGRID T 73 splitstreamgrid T name (pentads since 1960-01-01) periodic 0.5 1 72.5 NewEvenGRID replaceGRID [T2]0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1. 0 replacebypercentile percentile 0.75 VALUE percentile removeGRID /fullname (3rd Quartile) def :publicproc
func desc: Third quartile (by pentad of year) of multiple calendar years of values on a pentad time grid
func name: pentad3Q
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
is described by: statistical functions
has argument: pentad3Q_a1
has argument: pentad3Q_a2
comment: Third quartile (by pentad of year) of multiple calendar years of values on a pentad time grid
syntax ex: Description pentad3Q calculates the third quartile (by pentad of year) of multiple calendar years of values from an input variable that is on a pentad time grid. This function was created as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon pentad case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic calendar years as the input variable. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a pentad time grid named "T". Example In the example below, weekly malaria case values from districts in Botswana have been converted to pentad values using weeklytopentad. Values from 1996-2000 are then selected, and of these, for each pentad of the calendar year, the third quartile value of malaria cases is determined. expert home ciphBotswanadistricts17Malariaconf weeklytopentad T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES pentad3Q
is described by: percentiles

pentad3Q_a1
type: Argument
arg desc: Input variable of values from multiple calendar years on a pentad time grid
argument type: variable
is argument of: pentad3Q
arg name: var
arg order: 1
in out: in
optional: false

pentad3Q_a2
type: Argument
arg order: 2
in out: out
optional: false
arg desc: Third quartile (by pentad of year) of values from multiple calendar years on a pentad time grid
arg name: var3Q
argument type: variable
is argument of: pentad3Q

monthly3Q
type: Ingrid Procedure
has argument: monthly3Q_a1
comment: Third quartile (by month of year) of monthly input values from a series of years
has argument: monthly3Q_a2
is described by: statistical functions
is described by: percentiles
syntax ex: Description monthly3Q calculates the third quartile value (by calendar month of year) of monthly data over a set of multiple user-selected years. This function was created as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon monthly case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic calendar years as the input variable. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a monthly time grid named "T". Example In the following example, the third quartile of monthly malaria incidence values is calculated by month over the years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. expert homeciphEritrea malariamonthly96-03incidence district (DEBUB-DENKALIA) VALUE T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES monthly3Q Reference World Health Organization, 2004: Field guide for malaria epidemic assessment and reporting: Draft for field testing. WHO/HTM/MAL/2004.1097, World Health Organization, Geneva, 64 pp.
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
func name: monthly3Q
ingrid code: 1 /monthly3Q publicproc: T name npts NewIntegerGRID replaceGRID T 12 splitstreamgrid T name (months since 01-Jan) periodic Jan 1 Dec NewEvenGRID replaceGRID [T2]0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1. 0 replacebypercentile percentile 0.75 VALUE percentile removeGRID /fullname (3rd Quartile) def :publicproc
func desc: Third quartile (by month of year) of monthly input values from a series of years

monthly3Q_a1
type: Argument
arg desc: Input variable of monthly values from several calendar years
arg name: var
argument type: variable
in out: in
arg order: 1
optional: false
is argument of: monthly3Q

monthly3Q_a2
type: Argument
arg desc: Third quartile (by month of year) of monthly values from several calendar years
arg name: var3Q
is argument of: monthly3Q
optional: false
argument type: variable
in out: out
arg order: 2

pentadMAVEplus1SD
type: Ingrid Procedure
ingrid code: 1 /pentadMAVEplus1SD publicproc: a: pentadMAVE :a: pentadMAVE_SD 1.0 mul :a add /name (MAVE_plus_1SD) def /fullname (MAVE plus 1SD) def /long_name (MAVE plus 1SD) def :publicproc
syntax ex: Description pentadMAVEplus1SD produces the pentad disease epidemic threshold "MAVE plus 1.0xSD" from pentad values of disease data from multiple user-selected years. This epidemic threshold is calculated as the three-pentad average of the average of multiple user-selected years of pentad disease data, plus one standard deviation of the pentad values that went into the average. Generally five years will be selected; so, for a given pentad of the year, the mean and standard deviation will be calculated from 15 pentad values. The calculation makes use of the threshold functions pentadMAVE and pentadMAVE_SD. This function was developed as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon pentad case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic years as the input variable. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a pentad time grid named "T". Example In the following example, pentadMAVEplus1SD calculates the three-pentad average of the 5-year mean (by pentad of year) of pentad malaria incidence values plus one standard deviation of the 15 pentad values that went into each average for the years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. expert home ciphBotswanadistricts17Malariaconf weeklytopentad T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES pentadMAVEplus1SD Reference World Health Organization, 2004: Field guide for malaria epidemic assessment and reporting: Draft for field testing. WHO/HTM/MAL/2004.1097, World Health Organization, Geneva, 64 pp.
is described by: statistical functions
comment: Three-pentad running average (by pentad of year) of multiple-year pentad mean values plus one standard deviation (by pentad of year) of pentad values from overlapping three-pentad periods from multiple user-selected years
has argument: pentadMAVEplus1SD_a1
has argument: pentadMAVEplus1SD_a2
func name: pentadMAVEplus1SD
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
func desc: Three-pentad running average (by pentad of year) of multiple-year pentad mean values plus one standard deviation (by pentad of year) of pentad values from overlapping three-pentad periods from multiple user-selected years

pentadMAVEplus1SD_a1
type: Argument
argument type: variable
is argument of: pentadMAVEplus1SD
optional: false
in out: in
arg name: var
arg order: 1
arg desc: Variable of multiple years of values on a pentad time grid

pentadMAVEplus1SD_a2
type: Argument
arg order: 2
arg name: confidence interval
arg desc: The three-pentad average of the multiple-year average (by pentad of year) of pentad input values plus one standard deviation (by pentad) of these pentad values
is argument of: pentadMAVEplus1SD
optional: false
argument type: variable
in out: out

pentadmeanplus1SD
type: Ingrid Procedure
has argument: pentadmeanplus1SD_a2
has argument: pentadmeanplus1SD_a1
is described by: statistical functions
syntax ex: Description pentadmeanplus1SD produces the pentad disease epidemic threshold "Mean plus 1xSD" from monthly values of epidemiological data from multiple user-selected years. This function incorporates the functions pentadmean and pentadSD to calculate the result. This epidemic threshold is calculated as the average (by pentad of year) of multiple user-selected years of pentad disease data, plus 1.0 times the standard deviation of the pentad values that went into each pentad average. This function was developed as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon pentad case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic years as the input variable. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a pentad time grid named "T". Example In the following example, weeklytopentad converts weekly malaria case numbers to pentad values. Then, pentadmeanplus1SD calculates the 5-year mean (by pentad of year) of the pentad values plus one standard deviation of the pentad values that went into each pentad average for the years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. expert home ciphBotswanadistricts17Malariaconf weeklytopentad T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES pentadmeanplus1SD Reference World Health Organization, 2004: Field guide for malaria epidemic assessment and reporting: Draft for field testing. WHO/HTM/MAL/2004.1097, World Health Organization, Geneva, 64 pp.
func name: pentadmeanplus1SD
ingrid code: 1 /pentadmeanplus1SD publicproc: a: pentadmean :a: pentadSD 1 mul :a add /name (Mean_plus_1SD) def /fullname (Mean plus 1SD) def /long_name (Mean plus 1SD) def :publicproc
comment: Calculation of the pentad disease epidemic threshold "Mean plus 1SD" from pentad values of epidemiological data from multiple user-selected years
func desc: Calculation of the pentad disease epidemic threshold "Mean plus 1xSD" from pentad values of epidemiological data from multiple user-selected years
is described by: Health and Climate Functions

pentadmeanplus1SD_a2
type: Argument
in out: out
argument type: variable
arg order: 2
arg name: confidence interval
optional: false
arg desc: The multiple-year average (by pentad of year) plus one standard deviation (by pentad) of these pentad values
is argument of: pentadmeanplus1SD

pentadmeanplus1SD_a1
type: Argument
in out: in
arg desc: Variable of pentad values from multiple user-selected years
arg name: var
optional: false
is argument of: pentadmeanplus1SD
arg order: 1
argument type: variable

pentadMAVEplus1p96SD
type: Ingrid Procedure
has argument: pentadMAVEplus1p96SD_a2
func name: pentadMAVEplus1p96SD
syntax ex: Description pentadMAVEplus1p96SD produces the pentad disease epidemic threshold "MAVE plus 1.96xSD" from pentad values of disease data from multiple user-selected years. This epidemic threshold is calculated as the three-pentad average of the average of multiple user-selected years of pentad disease data, plus 1.96 times the standard deviation of the pentad values that went into the average. Generally five years will be selected; so, for a given pentad of the year, the mean and standard deviation will be calculated from 15 pentad values. The result represents the 95% confidence interval with respect to the mean. The calculation makes use of the threshold functions pentadMAVE and pentadMAVE_SD. This function was developed as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon pentad case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic years as the input variable. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a pentad time grid named "T". Example In the following example, pentadMAVEplus1p96SD calculates the three-pentad average of the 5-year mean (by pentad of year) of pentad malaria incidence values plus 1.96 times the standard deviation of the 15 pentad values that went into each average for the years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. expert home ciphBotswanadistricts17Malariaconf weeklytopentad T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES pentadMAVEplus1p96SD Reference World Health Organization, 2004: Field guide for malaria epidemic assessment and reporting: Draft for field testing. WHO/HTM/MAL/2004.1097, World Health Organization, Geneva, 64 pp.
is described by: statistical functions
func desc: Three-pentad running average (by pentad of year) of multiple-year pentad mean values plus 1.96 times the standard deviation (by pentad of year) of pentad values from overlapping three-pentad periods from multiple user-selected years
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
has argument: pentadMAVEplus1p96SD_a1
ingrid code: 1 /pentadMAVEplus1p96SD publicproc: a: pentadMAVE :a: pentadMAVE_SD 1.96 mul :a add /name (MAVE_plus_1.96SD) def /fullname (MAVE plus 1.96SD) def /long_name (MAVE plus 1.96SD) def :publicproc
comment: Three-pentad running average (by pentad of year) of multiple-year pentad mean values plus 1.96 times the standard deviation (by pentad of year) of pentad values from overlapping three-pentad periods from multiple user-selected years

pentadMAVEplus1p96SD_a2
type: Argument
arg order: 2
arg name: confidence interval
in out: out
arg desc: The three-pentad average of the multiple-year average (by pentad of year) of pentad input values plus 1.96 times the standard deviation (by pentad) of these pentad values
optional: false
is argument of: pentadMAVEplus1p96SD
argument type: variable

pentadMAVEplus1p96SD_a1
type: Argument
in out: in
is argument of: pentadMAVEplus1p96SD
arg order: 1
argument type: variable
optional: false
arg name: var
arg desc: Variable of multiple years of values on a pentad time grid

pentadepithresholds
type: Ingrid Procedure
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
has argument: pentadepithresholds_a1
has argument: pentadepithresholds_a2
is described by: statistical functions
ingrid code: 1 /pentadepithresholds publicproc: a: pentadmeanplus1SD :a: pentadmeanplus2SD :a: pentadMAVEplus1SD :a: pentadMAVEplus2SD :a: pentad3Q /fullname (Q3) def :a :publicproc
comment: Produces four pentad disease epidemic threshold variables that depend upon the pentad of the year and can be plotted as four line graphs, using input from a variable of pentad values from multiple user-selected years
func desc: Produces five pentad disease epidemic threshold variables that depend upon the pentad of the year and can be plotted as five line graphs, using input from a variable of pentad values from multiple user-selected years
func name: pentadepithresholds
syntax ex: Description pentadepithresholds combines several pentad epidemic threshold functions together into one command to automatically produce five different disease epidemic threshold variables (mean plus 1xSD, mean plus 2xSD, MAVE plus 1xSD, MAVE plus 2xSD, and 3rd Quartile) based upon input from a variable of pentad disease case or incidence values from multiple user-selected calendar years. These five output variables depend upon a time grid of pentads of the year and can be easily plotted as a multiple-line graph (along with line graphs of one or more test years if wished) in the Data Library. Example In the following example, confirmed malaria cases from five years are used as input to calculate malaria case epidemic thresholds (mean plus 1xSD, mean plus 2xSD, MAVE plus 1xSD, MAVE plus 2xSD, and 3rd Quartile) for the district. expert homeciphBotswanadistricts17Malaria conf weeklytopentad T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES pentadepithresholds Reference World Health Organization, 2004: Field guide for malaria epidemic assessment and reporting: Draft for field testing. WHO/HTM/MAL/2004.1097, World Health Organization, Geneva, 64 pp.

pentadepithresholds_a1
type: Argument
arg name: var
arg order: 1
arg desc: Variable of multiple years of values on a pentad time grid
optional: false
is argument of: pentadepithresholds
argument type: variable
in out: in

pentadepithresholds_a2
type: Argument
argument type: variable
arg name: thresholds
is argument of: pentadepithresholds
arg order: 2
in out: out
optional: false
arg desc: Epidemic thresholds for a calendar year determined from multiple user-selected years of pentad disease data

monthlyMAVEplus2SD
type: Ingrid Procedure
syntax ex: Description monthlyMAVEplus2SD produces the monthly disease epidemic threshold "MAVE plus 2SD" from monthly values of disease data from multiple user-selected years. This epidemic threshold is calculated as the three-month average of the average of multiple user-selected years of monthly disease data, plus two times the standard deviation of the monthly values that went into the average. Generally five years will be selected; so, for a given month of the year, the mean and standard deviation will be calculated from 15 monthly values. The calculation makes use of the threshold functions monthlyMAVE and monthlyMAVE_SD. This function was developed as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon monthly case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic years as the input variable. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a monthly time grid named "T". Example In the following example, monthlyMAVEplus2SD calculates the three-month average of the 5-year mean (by month of year) of monthly malaria incidence values plus two times the standard deviation of the 15 monthly values that went into each average for the years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. expert homeciphEritrea malariamonthly96-03incidence district (DEBUB-DENKALIA) VALUE T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES monthlyMAVEplus2SD Reference World Health Organization, 2004: Field guide for malaria epidemic assessment and reporting: Draft for field testing. WHO/HTM/MAL/2004.1097, World Health Organization, Geneva, 64 pp.
is described by: statistical functions
has argument: monthlyMAVEplus2SD_a1
ingrid code: 1 /monthlyMAVEplus2SD publicproc: a: monthlyMAVE :a: monthlyMAVE_SD 2.0 mul :a add /name (MAVE plus 2SD) def /fullname (MAVE plus 2SD) def /long_name (MAVE plus 2SD) def :publicproc
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
func name: monthlyMAVEplus2SD
func desc: Three-month running average (by month of year) of multiple-year monthly mean values plus two times the standard deviation (by month of year) of monthly values from overlapping three-month seasons from multiple user-selected years
comment: Three-month running average (by month of year) of multiple-year monthly mean values plus two times the standard deviation (by month of year) of monthly values from overlapping three-month seasons from multiple user-selected years
has argument: monthlyMAVEplus2SD_a2

monthlyMAVEplus2SD_a1
type: Argument
arg name: var
in out: in
is argument of: monthlyMAVEplus2SD
argument type: variable
arg order: 1
optional: false
arg desc: Variable of monthly values from multiple calendar years

monthlyMAVEplus2SD_a2
type: Argument
optional: false
arg order: 2
arg name: confidence interval
in out: out
is argument of: monthlyMAVEplus2SD
argument type: variable
arg desc: The three-month seasonal average of the multiple-year average (by month of year) of monthly input values plus two times the standard deviation (by month) of these monthly values

monthlySD
type: Ingrid Procedure
func name: monthlySD
func desc: Standard deviation (by month of year) of multiple years of monthly values
syntax ex: Description monthlySD calculates the standard deviation (by calendar month of year) of monthly data over a set of multiple user-selected years. This function was created as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon monthly case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic calendar years as the input variable. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a monthly time grid named "T". Example In the following example, the standard deviation of monthly malaria incidence values is calculated by month over the years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. expert homeciph Eritreamalariamonthly96-03incidence district (DEBUB-DENKALIA) VALUE T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES monthlySD
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
is described by: statistical functions
has argument: monthlySD_a2
comment: Standard deviation (by month of year) of multiple years of monthly values
ingrid code: 1 /monthlySD publicproc: T name npts NewIntegerGRID replaceGRID T 12 splitstreamgrid T name (months since 01-Jan) periodic Jan 1 Dec NewEvenGRID replaceGRID a: dataflag [T2]sum dup 1 sub div sqrt :a: [T2]rmsaover :a mul /fullname (SD) def :publicproc
has argument: monthlySD_a1

monthlySD_a2
type: Argument
optional: false
arg order: 2
arg name: standard deviation
in out: out
arg desc: Standard deviation (by month of year) of monthly values from a series of calendar years
argument type: variable
is argument of: monthlySD

monthlySD_a1
type: Argument
optional: false
arg desc: Monthly input values from a series of years
arg name: var
argument type: variable
arg order: 1
in out: in
is argument of: monthlySD

pentadMAVEplus2SD
type: Ingrid Procedure
has argument: pentadMAVEplus2SD_a1
func desc: Three-pentad running average (by pentad of year) of multiple-year pentad mean values plus two times the standard deviation (by pentad of year) of pentad values from overlapping three-pentad periods from multiple user-selected years
has argument: pentadMAVEplus2SD_a2
ingrid code: 1 /pentadMAVEplus2SD publicproc: a: pentadMAVE :a: pentadMAVE_SD 2.0 mul :a add /name (MAVE_plus_2SD) def /fullname (MAVE plus 2SD) def /long_name (MAVE plus 2SD) def :publicproc
func name: pentadMAVEplus2SD
is described by: statistical functions
comment: Three-pentad running average (by pentad of year) of multiple-year pentad mean values plus two times the standard deviation (by pentad of year) of pentad values from overlapping three-pentad periods from multiple user-selected years
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
syntax ex: Description pentadMAVEplus2SD produces the pentad disease epidemic threshold "MAVE plus 2.0xSD" from pentad values of disease data from multiple user-selected years. This epidemic threshold is calculated as the three-pentad average of the average of multiple user-selected years of pentad disease data, plus two times the standard deviation of the pentad values that went into the average. Generally five years will be selected; so, for a given pentad of the year, the mean and standard deviation will be calculated from 15 pentad values. The calculation makes use of the threshold functions pentadMAVE and pentadMAVE_SD. This function was developed as part of a suite of functions used to determine disease epidemic thresholds based upon pentad case or incidence data from five presumably non-epidemic years as the input variable. In its current form this function assumes that the input variable depends upon a pentad time grid named "T". Example In the following example, pentadMAVEplus2SD calculates the three-pentad average of the 5-year mean (by pentad of year) of pentad malaria incidence values plus one standard deviation of the 15 pentad values that went into each average for the years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. expert home ciphBotswanadistricts17Malariaconf weeklytopentad T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES pentadMAVEplus2SD Reference World Health Organization, 2004: Field guide for malaria epidemic assessment and reporting: Draft for field testing. WHO/HTM/MAL/2004.1097, World Health Organization, Geneva, 64 pp.

pentadMAVEplus2SD_a1
type: Argument
argument type: variable
is argument of: pentadMAVEplus2SD
in out: in
arg desc: Variable of multiple years of values on a pentad time grid
arg order: 1
optional: false
arg name: var

pentadMAVEplus2SD_a2
type: Argument
arg name: confidence interval
optional: false
in out: out
arg desc: The three-pentad average of the multiple-year average (by pentad of year) of pentad input values plus two times the standard deviation (by pentad) of these pentad values
argument type: variable
is argument of: pentadMAVEplus2SD
arg order: 2

weeklytomonthly
type: Ingrid Procedure
func name: weeklytomonthly
ingrid code: 1 /weeklytomonthly publicproc: c: 7. (days) :c div T monthlyAverage a: T (days since 1960-01-01) streamgridunitconvert T differential_mul T :a:T :a replaceGRID :publicproc
has argument: weeklytomonthly_a2
has argument: weeklytomonthly_a1
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
syntax ex: Description weeklytomonthly reapportions and aggregates weekly data values originally on a weekly grid to monthly values on a monthly time grid, assuming that data within the original weeks are uniformly distributed over the days within the individual weeks. Values for weeks that fall entirely within the boundaries of a calendar month are simply aggregated to help form the monthly total. For weeks that fall across the boundary between two calendar months, the weekly value is divided evenly amongst the seven days of the week. Using these "per day" values, the sum for the days of the week falling within one month are added to its monthly total, while the sum for the days of the week falling within the other month are added to its monthly total. In its current form this function assumes that the original time grid of weekly values is named "T". The resulting output variable will depend upon a monthly time grid also named "T". Example Reapportion and aggregate weekly malaria case numbers in Botswana districts to monthly case numbers. expert home ciphBotswanadistricts17Malariaconf weeklytomonthly
func desc: Reapportions and aggregates weekly data to monthly values, assuming a uniform distribution of values within weeks.
is described by: Regridding
comment: Reapportions and aggregates weekly data to monthly values, assuming a uniform distribution of values within weeks.

weeklytomonthly_a2
type: Argument
arg order: 2
argument type: variable
is argument of: weeklytomonthly
arg desc: Variable of monthly-aggregated values on a monthly time grid
optional: false
in out: out
arg name: monthlyvar

weeklytomonthly_a1
type: Argument
argument type: variable
optional: false
arg order: 1
in out: in
arg name: var
arg desc: Input variable of weekly values on a weekly time grid
is argument of: weeklytomonthly

weeklytopentad
type: Ingrid Procedure
comment: Reapportions weekly data to pentad values, assuming a uniform distribution of values within individual weeks
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
syntax ex: Description weeklytopentad reapportions weekly data values originally on a weekly grid to pentad values on a pentad time grid, assuming that data within the original weeks are uniformly distributed over the days within the individual weeks. Pentads in the Data Library are always defined as 1-5 January, 6-10 January, .., etc., and there are always 73 pentads per year. In both leap-years and non-leap-years, the period 25 February to 1 March is a pentad period, and, therefore, that pentad will contain six days in leap-years. Consider the case of a weekly data set of malaria cases that includes two weekly time points that cover the periods 2-8 January and 9-15 January and have values of 5 and 8 cases, respectively. These two weeks overlap with the pentads that cover 6-10 January and 11-15 January. To determine the reapportioned value for 6-10 January, the two weekly values are first divided by 7, to produce values of 5/7 ~= 0.714 cases/day and 8/7 ~= 1.143 cases/day for the weeks of 2-8 January and 9-15 January, respectively. These values are then multiplied by the number of days in each week that overlap with the pentad, and then added together: ((5/7 cases/day) * 3 days) + ((8/7 cases/day) * 2 days ~= 4.42857 cases during 6-10 January. For the pentad 11-15 January, the number of cases would be: (8/7 cases/day) * 5 days ~= 5.714 cases. In its current form this function assumes that the original time grid of weekly values is named "T". The resulting output variable will depend upon a pentad time grid also named "T". Example Reapportion weekly malaria case numbers in districts in Botswana to pentad values. expert homeciphBotswanadistricts17 Malariaconf weeklytopentad
func name: weeklytopentad
ingrid code: 1 /weeklytopentad publicproc: c: 7. (days) :c div T pentadAverage a: T (days since 1960-01-01) streamgridunitconvert T differential_mul T :a:T :a replaceGRID :publicproc
func desc: Reapportions weekly data to pentad values, assuming a uniform distribution of values within individual weeks
has argument: weeklytopentad_a2
is described by: Regridding
has argument: weeklytopentad_a1

weeklytopentad_a2
type: Argument
in out: out
arg name: pentadvar
arg desc: Variable of values reapportioned to pentads and dependent upon a pentad time grid
arg order: 2
is argument of: weeklytopentad
optional: false
argument type: variable

weeklytopentad_a1
type: Argument
optional: false
is argument of: weeklytopentad
argument type: variable
in out: in
arg order: 1
arg desc: Variable of weekly values
arg name: var

monthlyepithresholds
type: Ingrid Procedure
comment: Produces five monthly disease epidemic threshold variables that depend upon the calendar month of the year and can be plotted as five line graphs, using input from a variable of monthly values from multiple user-selected years
is described by: Health and Climate Functions
func name: monthlyepithresholds
has argument: monthlyepithresholds_a2
syntax ex: Description monthlyepithresholds combines several monthly epidemic threshold functions together into one command to automatically produce five different disease epidemic threshold variables (mean plus 1xSD, mean plus 2xSD, MAVE plus 1xSD, MAVE plus 2xSD, and 3rd Quartile) based upon input from a variable of monthly disease case or incidence values from multiple user-selected calendar years. These five output variables depend upon a time grid of calendar months of the year and can be easily plotted as a multiple-line graph (along with line graphs of one or more test years if wished) in the Data Library. Example In the following example, confirmed malaria cases from five years are used as input to calculate malaria case epidemic thresholds (mean plus 1xSD, mean plus 2xSD, MAVE plus 1xSD, MAVE plus 2xSD, and 3rd Quartile) for the district. expert home ciphEritreamalariamonthly96-03incidence district (DEBUB-DENKALIA) VALUE T (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) VALUES monthlyepithresholds Reference World Health Organization, 2004: Field guide for malaria epidemic assessment and reporting: Draft for field testing. WHO/HTM/MAL/2004.1097, World Health Organization, Geneva, 64 pp.
func desc: Produces five monthly disease epidemic threshold variables that depend upon the calendar month of the year and can be plotted as five line graphs, using input from a variable of monthly values from multiple user-selected years
ingrid code: 1 /monthlyepithresholds publicproc: a: monthlymeanplus1SD :a: monthlymeanplus2SD :a: monthlyMAVEplus1SD :a: monthlyMAVEplus2SD :a: monthly3Q :a :publicproc
has argument: monthlyepithresholds_a1

monthlyepithresholds_a2
type: Argument
argument type: variable
is argument of: monthlyepithresholds
arg name: thresholds
arg order: 2
in out: out
arg desc: Epidemic thresholds for a calendar year determined from multiple user-selected years of monthly disease data
optional: false

monthlyepithresholds_a1
type: Argument
arg order: 1
is argument of: monthlyepithresholds
arg name: var
argument type: variable
arg desc: Input variable of monthly disease case or incidence values for multiple user-selected years
in out: in
optional: false

monthlymeanplus2SD_a2
type: Argument
arg desc: The multiple-year average (by month of year) plus 2 times the standard deviation (by month) of these monthly values
in out: out
arg order: 2
optional: false
argument type: variable
is argument of: monthlymeanplus2SD
arg name: confidence interval