The outcome of a specific test to measure an attribute or to determine the presence, absence, or degree of a condition.
Testergebniss
result_test
result_laboratory
laborergebniss
testergebniss
ablauf
prozess
process
A process or state which occurs naturally or as a result of an activity.
phenomenon
vorgang
function_physiologic
A normal process, activity, or state of the body.
funktion_physiologisch
virus
entity
A broad type for grouping physical and conceptual entities.
entitaet
In animals, a chemical usually secreted by an endocrine gland whose products are released into the circulating fluid. Hormones act as chemical messengers and regulate various physiologic processes such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, etc. They usually fall into two broad classes, steroid hormones and peptide hormones.
activity_occupational
aktivitaet_berufsbezogen
An activity carried out as part of an occupation or job.
process_inflammatory
A broad type for grouping activities, processes and states.
ereignis
event
activity_healthcare
An activity of or relating to the practice of medicine or involving the care of patients.
versorgung_medizinisch
verbindung_phosphororganisch
compound_organophosphorus
An organic compound containing phosphorus as a constituent. Included here are organic phosphinic, phosphonic and phosphoric acid derivatives and their thiophosphorus counterparts. Excluded are phospholipids, sugar phosphates, phosphoproteins, nucleotides, and nucleic acids.
entity_conceptual
entitaet_konzeptuell
A broad type for grouping abstract entities or concepts.
funktion_pathologisch
function_pathologic
A disordered process, activity, or state of the organism as a whole, of a body system or systems, or of multiple organs or tissues. Included here are normal responses to a negative stimulus as well as patholologic conditions or states that are less specific than a disease. Pathologic functions frequently have systemic effects.
process_mental
A physiologic function involving the mind or cognitive processing.
prozess_phychisch
A complex chemical, usually a protein, that is produced by living cells and which catalyzes specific biochemical reactions. There are six main types of enzymes: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases.
An abnormal structure, or one that is abnormal in size or location, present at birth or evolving over time as a result of a defect in embryogenesis.
abnormality_congenital
anomalie_kongenital
anomalie_congenital
anomalie_angeboren
An abnormal structure, or one that is abnormal in size or location.
abnormality_anatomical
anomalie_anatomisch
function_organism
A physiologic function of the organism as a whole, of multiple organ systems, or of multiple organs or tissues.
konzept_qualitativ
concept_qualitative
diagnose
Diagnostikverfahren
diagnostikverfahren
A procedure, method, or technique used to determine the nature or identity of a disease or disorder. This excludes procedures which are primarily carried out on specimens in a laboratory.
procedure_diagnostic
antibiotic
antibiotik
A pharmacologically active compound produced by growing microorganisms which kill or inhibit growth of other microorganisms.
substance_body
Extracellular material, or mixtures of cells and extracellular material, produced, excreted, or accreted by the body. Included here are substances such as saliva, dental enamel, sweat, and gastric acid.
nukleinsaeure
nukleotid
nucleotide
acid_nucleic
A complex compound of high molecular weight occurring in living cells. These are basically of two types, ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA) acids. Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides (nitrogen-containing base, a 5-carbon sugar, and one or more phosphate group) linked together by a phosphodiester bond between the 5' and 3' carbon atoms. Nucleosides are compounds composed of a purine or pyrimidine base (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil) linked to either a ribose or a deoxyribose sugar.
nukleosid
nucleoside
A generic term that includes monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides as well as substances derived from monosaccharides by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more terminal group to carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy groups by a hydrogen atom, an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. It also includes derivatives of these compounds. Included here are sugar phosphates. Excluded are glycolipids and glycoproteins.
carbohydrate
kohlenhydrat
umweltkrankheit
disease_environmental
krankheitserscheinung
merkmal
Symptom
An observable manifestation of a disease or condition based on clinical judgment, or a manifestation of a disease or condition which is experienced by the patient and reported as a subjective observation.
symptom
Merkmal
Krankheitserscheinung
sign
produkt_geistig
product_intellectual
A substance, usually an organic chemical complex, present in natural products or made synthetically, which is essential in the diet of man or other higher animals. Included here are vitamin precursors, provitamins, and vitamin supplements.
abnormality_acquired
anomalie_erworben
An abnormal structure, or one that is abnormal in size or location, found in or deriving from a previously normal structure. Acquired abnormalities are distinguished from diseases even though they may result in pathological functioning (e.g., "hernias incarcerate").
zellkomponente
component_cell
A part of a cell or the intercellular matrix, generally visible by light microscopy.
function_cell
A physiologic function inherent to cells or cell components.
zellfunktion
A physiologic function occurring at the molecular level.
function_molecular
funktion_molekular
A chemical or chemicals viewed from the perspective of their structural characteristics. Included here are concepts which can mean either a salt, an ion, or a compound (e.g., "Bromates" and "Bromides").
laborverfahren
Laborverfahren
A procedure, method, or technique used to determine the composition, quantity, or concentration of a specimen, and which is carried out in a clinical laboratory. Included here are procedures which measure the times and rates of reactions.
procedure_laboratory
substance_inorganic
Chemical elements and their compounds, excluding the hydrocarbons and their derivatives (except carbides, carbonates, cyanides, cyanates and carbon disulfide). Generally inorganic compounds contain ionic bonds. Included here are inorganic acids and salts, alloys, alkalies, and minerals.
substanz_anorganisch
system_disease
genome
A specific sequence, or in the case of the genome the complete sequence, of nucleotides along a molecule of DNA or RNA (in the case of some viruses) which represent the functional units of heredity.
gen
gene
genom
function_tissue
function_organ
funktion_gewebe
A physiologic function of a particular organ, organ system, or tissue.
An anatomical structure that exists only before the organism is fully formed; in mammals, for example, a structure that exists only prior to the birth of the organism. This structure may be normal or abnormal.
structure_embryonic
struktur_embryonal
zelle
cell
The fundamental structural and functional unit of living organisms.
lipid
An inclusive group of fat or fat-derived substances that are soluble in nonpolar solvents related to fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, sterols, waxes, etc. Included in this group are the saponifiable lipids such as glycerides (fats and oils), essential (volatile) oils, and phospholipids.
substance_chemical
stoff_chemisch
substanz_chemisch
Compounds or substances of definite molecular composition. Chemicals are viewed from two distinct perspectives in the network, functionally and structurally. Almost every chemical concept is assigned at least two types, generally one from the structure hierarchy and at least one from the function hierarchy.
body_junction
body_space
space_body
junction_body
funktion_genetisch
function_genetic
Functions of or related to the maintenance, translation or expression of the genetic material.
function_biologic
A state, activity or process of the body or one of its systems or parts.
material_dental
material_biomedical
A substance used in biomedicine or dentistry predominantly for its physical, as opposed to chemical, properties. Included here are biocompatible materials, tissue adhesives, bone cements, resins, toothpastes, etc.
One of a group of polycyclic, 17-carbon-atom, fused-ring compounds occurring both in natural and synthetic forms. Included here are naturally occurring and synthetic steroids, bufanolides, cardanolides, homosteroids, norsteroids, and secosteroids.
steroid
substance_pharmacologic
A substance used in the treatment or prevention of pathologic disorders. This includes substances that occur naturally in the body and are administered therapeutically.
An object perceptible to the sense of vision or touch.
gegenstand
objekt_physikalisch
object_physical
A biologically active substance whose activities affect or play a role in the functioning of the immune system.
reagent_indicator
reagent
A substance primarily of interest for its use in laboratory or diagnostic tests and procedures to detect, measure, examine, or analyze other chemicals, processes, or conditions.
aid_diagnostic
gefaessprozess
process_vascular
structure_anatomical
struktur_anatomisch
A normal or pathological part of the anatomy or structural organization of an organism.
A specific structure or site on the cell surface or within its cytoplasm that recognizes and binds with other specific molecules. These include the proteins on the surface of an immunocompetent cell that binds with antigens, or proteins found on the surface molecules that bind with hormones or neurotransmitters and react with other molecules that respond in a specific way.
ion
isotop
One of the 109 presently known fundamental substances that comprise all matter at and above the atomic level. This includes elemental metals, rare gases, and most abundant naturally occurring radioactive elements, as well as the ionic counterparts of elements (NA+, Cl-), and the less abundant isotopic forms. This does not include organic ions such as iodoacetate to which the type 'Organic Chemical' is assigned.
element_chemisch
element_chemical
isotope
activity
An operation or series of operations that an organism or machine carries out or participates in.
aktivitaet
aktion
funktionsstoerung_molekular
dysfunction_molecular
Funktionsstoerung_der_Zelle
funktionsstoerung_der_zelle
A pathologic function inherent to cells, parts of cells, or molecules.
dysfunction_cell
procedure_therapeutic
behandlungsmethode
vorbeugungsverfahren
A procedure, method, or technique designed to prevent a disease or a disorder, or to improve physical function, or used in the process of treating a disease or injury.
Vorbeugungsverfahren
Behandlungsmethode
behandlung
procedure_preventive
prozess_natuerlich
A phenomenon or process that occurs irrespective of the activities of human beings.
phenomenon_natural
process_natural
substance_hazardous
giftstoff
substance_poisonous
A substance of concern because of its potentially hazardous or toxic effects. This would include most drugs of abuse, as well as agents that require special handling because of their toxicity.
fungus
pilz
A chemical viewed from the perspective of its functional characteristics or pharmacological activities.
substance_biologically_active
A generally endogenous substance produced or required by an organism, of primary interest because of its role in the biologic functioning of the organism that produces it.
An endogenous substance whose activities affect or play an important role in the functioning of the nervous system. Included here are catecholamines, neuroregulators, neurophysins, etc.
classification
klassifikation
organismus
organism
An oxygenated metabolite from polyunsaturated 20 carbon fatty acids including lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products and their synthetic analogs. This includes the prostaglandins and thromboxanes.
eicosanoid
A material with definite or fairly definite chemical composition.
substanz
stoff
substance
That which is discovered by direct observation or measurement of an organism attribute or condition, including the clinical history of the patient. The history of the presence of a disease is a 'Finding' and is distinguished from the disease itself.
finding
befund
Befund
process_neoplastic
prozess_neoplastisch
A new and abnormal growth of tissue in which the growth is uncontrolled and progressive. The growths may be malignant or benign.
A clinically significant dysfunction whose major manifestation is behavioral or psychological. These dysfunctions may have identified or presumed biological etiologies or manifestations.
verhaltensstoerung
stoerung_psychisch
dysfunction_behavioral
dysfunction_mental
structure_anatomical_fully_formed
An anatomical structure in a fully formed organism; in mammals, for example, a structure in the body after the birth of the organism.
Amino acids and chains of amino acids connected by peptide linkages.
aminosaeure
peptid
protein
peptide
eiweiss
aminoacid
concept_spatial
konzept_raeumlich
The general class of carbon-containing compounds, usually based on carbon chains or rings, and also containing hydrogen (hydrocarbons), with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or other elements in which the bonding between elements is generally covalent.
substanz_organisch
substance_organic
A collection of cells and tissues which are localized to a specific area or combine and carry out one or more specialized functions of an organism. This ranges from gross structures to small components of complex organs. These structures are relatively localized in comparison to tissues.
organ
body_part
component_organ
koerperteil
body_region
region_body
location_body
bakterium
bacterium
bakterie
injury
A traumatic wound, injury, or poisoning caused by an external agent or force.
verletzung
poisoning
vergiftung
Verletzung
Vergiftung
gewebe
tissue
An aggregation of similarly specialized cells and the associated intercellular substance. Tissues are relatively non-localized in comparison to body parts, organs or organ components.
konzept_quantitativ
concept_quantitative
attribut_organismus
organism_attribute
Krankheit
A condition which alters or interferes with a normal process, state, or activity of an organism. It is usually characterized by the abnormal functioning of one or more of the host's systems, parts, or organs. Included here is a complex of symptoms descriptive of a disorder.
disease
syndrome
krankheit
Distinguishes or identifies the nature or characteristics of.
The relative intensity of a process or the relative intensity or amount of a quality or attribute.
Arises from the division of. For example, the arborization of arteries.
Alters or influences an already existing condition, state, or situation. Produces a negative effect on.
Related by some abstract concept, thought, or idea.
Causes to become more severe or complex or results in adverse effects.
Related by place or region.
Related by virtue of some physical attribute or characteristic.
has a significant or salient relationship to.
Merges with. For example, the confluence of veins.
Action, function, or state of.
Related by the carrying out of some function or activity.
Directly attached to another physical unit as tendons are connected to muscles. This includes attached to and anchored to.
Composes, with one or more other physical units, some larger whole. This includes component of, division of, portion of, fragment of, section of, and layer of.
Acts, functions, or operates together with.
Takes place in or happens under given conditions, circumstances, or time periods, or in a given location or population. This includes appears in, transpires, comes about, is present in, and exists in.
Brings about a condition or an effect. Implied here is that an agent, such as for example, a pharmacologic substance or an organism, has brought about the effect. This includes induces, effects, evokes, and etiology.
Brings forth, generates or creates. This includes yields, secretes, emits, biosynthesizes, generates, releases, discharges, and creates.
Serves to link or join together two or more other physical units. This includes joins, links, conjoins, articulates, separates, and bridges.
Holds or is the receptacle for fluids or other substances. This includes is filled with, holds, and is occupied by.
Stops, hinders or eliminates an action or condition.
Gives evidence for the presence at some time of an entity or process.
The condition, product, or state occurring as a consequence, effect, or conclusion of an activity or process. This includes product of, effect of, sequel of, outcome of, culmination of, and completion of.
Occurs at the same time as, together with, or jointly. This includes is co-incident with, is concurrent with, is contemporaneous with, accompanies, coexists with, and is concomitant with.
Conceptually a portion, division, or component of some larger whole.
Acts on or influences an entity.
Occurs earlier in time. This includes antedates, comes before, is in advance of, predates, and is prior to.
That part of a phenomenon which is directly observable or concretely or visibly expressed, or which gives evidence to the underlying process. This includes expression of, display of, and exhibition of.
Related in time by preceding, co-occuring with, or following.
Is a component of, as in a constituent of a preparation.
Crosses or extends across another physical structure or area. This includes crosses over and crosses through.
The position, site, or region of an entity or the site of a process.
Applies a remedy with the object of effecting a cure or managing a condition.
Produces a direct effect on. Implied here is the altering or influencing of an existing condition, state, situation, or entity. This includes has a role in, alters, influences, predisposes, catalyzes, stimulates, regulates, depresses, impedes, enhances, contributes to, leads to, and modifies.
Establishes the boundaries for, or defines the limits of another physical structure. This includes limits, bounds, confines, encloses, and circumscribes.
Close to, near or abutting another physical unit with no other structure of the same kind intervening. This includes adjoins, abuts, is contiguous to, is juxtaposed, and is close to.
Is structurally made up of in whole or in part of some material or matter. This includes composed of, made of, and formed of.