A physiologic function occurring at the molecular level.
In animals, a chemical usually secreted by an endocrine gland whose products are released into the circulating fluid. Hormones act as chemical messengers and regulate various physiologic processes such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, etc. They usually fall into two broad classes, steroid hormones and peptide hormones.
A pharmacologically active compound produced by growing microorganisms which kill or inhibit growth of other microorganisms.
A normal process, activity, or state of the body.
Gewebe
An aggregation of similarly specialized cells and the associated intercellular substance. Tissues are relatively non-localized in comparison to body parts, organs or organ components.
Zellkomponente
A part of a cell or the intercellular matrix, generally visible by light microscopy.
A new and abnormal growth of tissue in which the growth is uncontrolled and progressive. The growths may be malignant or benign.
Erworbene_Anomalie
An abnormal structure, or one that is abnormal in size or location, found in or deriving from a previously normal structure. Acquired abnormalities are distinguished from diseases even though they may result in pathological functioning (e.g., "hernias incarcerate").
A collection of cells and tissues which are localized to a specific area or combine and carry out one or more specialized functions of an organism. This ranges from gross structures to small components of complex organs. These structures are relatively localized in comparison to tissues.
Koerperteil_Organ
Compounds or substances of definite molecular composition. Chemicals are viewed from two distinct perspectives in the network, functionally and structurally. Almost every chemical concept is assigned at least two types, generally one from the structure hierarchy and at least one from the function hierarchy.
A broad type for grouping physical and conceptual entities.
A substance used in biomedicine or dentistry predominantly for its physical, as opposed to chemical, properties. Included here are biocompatible materials, tissue adhesives, bone cements, resins, toothpastes, etc.
Functions of or related to the maintenance, translation or expression of the genetic material.
A complex chemical, usually a protein, that is produced by living cells and which catalyzes specific biochemical reactions. There are six main types of enzymes: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases.
The general class of carbon-containing compounds, usually based on carbon chains or rings, and also containing hydrogen (hydrocarbons), with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or other elements in which the bonding between elements is generally covalent.
A broad type for grouping activities, processes and states.
An object perceptible to the sense of vision or touch.
A generally endogenous substance produced or required by an organism, of primary interest because of its role in the biologic functioning of the organism that produces it.
An anatomical structure that exists only before the organism is fully formed; in mammals, for example, a structure that exists only prior to the birth of the organism. This structure may be normal or abnormal.
Chemical elements and their compounds, excluding the hydrocarbons and their derivatives (except carbides, carbonates, cyanides, cyanates and carbon disulfide). Generally inorganic compounds contain ionic bonds. Included here are inorganic acids and salts, alloys, alkalies, and minerals.
An organic compound containing phosphorus as a constituent. Included here are organic phosphinic, phosphonic and phosphoric acid derivatives and their thiophosphorus counterparts. Excluded are phospholipids, sugar phosphates, phosphoproteins, nucleotides, and nucleic acids.
A condition which alters or interferes with a normal process, state, or activity of an organism. It is usually characterized by the abnormal functioning of one or more of the host's systems, parts, or organs. Included here is a complex of symptoms descriptive of a disorder.
Krankheit
A substance, usually an organic chemical complex, present in natural products or made synthetically, which is essential in the diet of man or other higher animals. Included here are vitamin precursors, provitamins, and vitamin supplements.
A substance used in the treatment or prevention of pathologic disorders. This includes substances that occur naturally in the body and are administered therapeutically.
A phenomenon or process that occurs irrespective of the activities of human beings.
Laborverfahren
A procedure, method, or technique used to determine the composition, quantity, or concentration of a specimen, and which is carried out in a clinical laboratory. Included here are procedures which measure the times and rates of reactions.
A process or state which occurs naturally or as a result of an activity.
The outcome of a specific test to measure an attribute or to determine the presence, absence, or degree of a condition.
Testergebniss
A substance of concern because of its potentially hazardous or toxic effects. This would include most drugs of abuse, as well as agents that require special handling because of their toxicity.
Extracellular material, or mixtures of cells and extracellular material, produced, excreted, or accreted by the body. Included here are substances such as saliva, dental enamel, sweat, and gastric acid.
Psychische_Stoerung
A clinically significant dysfunction whose major manifestation is behavioral or psychological. These dysfunctions may have identified or presumed biological etiologies or manifestations.
A disordered process, activity, or state of the organism as a whole, of a body system or systems, or of multiple organs or tissues. Included here are normal responses to a negative stimulus as well as patholologic conditions or states that are less specific than a disease. Pathologic functions frequently have systemic effects.
That which is discovered by direct observation or measurement of an organism attribute or condition, including the clinical history of the patient. The history of the presence of a disease is a 'Finding' and is distinguished from the disease itself.
Befund
An abnormal structure, or one that is abnormal in size or location.
A physiologic function inherent to cells or cell components.
A normal or pathological part of the anatomy or structural organization of an organism.
One of the 109 presently known fundamental substances that comprise all matter at and above the atomic level. This includes elemental metals, rare gases, and most abundant naturally occurring radioactive elements, as well as the ionic counterparts of elements (NA+, Cl-), and the less abundant isotopic forms. This does not include organic ions such as iodoacetate to which the type 'Organic Chemical' is assigned.
A state, activity or process of the body or one of its systems or parts.
A biologically active substance whose activities affect or play a role in the functioning of the immune system.
A generic term that includes monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides as well as substances derived from monosaccharides by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more terminal group to carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy groups by a hydrogen atom, an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. It also includes derivatives of these compounds. Included here are sugar phosphates. Excluded are glycolipids and glycoproteins.
Angeborene_Anomalie
Kongenitale_Anomalie
An abnormal structure, or one that is abnormal in size or location, present at birth or evolving over time as a result of a defect in embryogenesis.
A physiologic function of the organism as a whole, of multiple organ systems, or of multiple organs or tissues.
One of a group of polycyclic, 17-carbon-atom, fused-ring compounds occurring both in natural and synthetic forms. Included here are naturally occurring and synthetic steroids, bufanolides, cardanolides, homosteroids, norsteroids, and secosteroids.
An activity carried out as part of an occupation or job.
A physiologic function of a particular organ, organ system, or tissue.
A specific structure or site on the cell surface or within its cytoplasm that recognizes and binds with other specific molecules. These include the proteins on the surface of an immunocompetent cell that binds with antigens, or proteins found on the surface molecules that bind with hormones or neurotransmitters and react with other molecules that respond in a specific way.
An oxygenated metabolite from polyunsaturated 20 carbon fatty acids including lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products and their synthetic analogs. This includes the prostaglandins and thromboxanes.
An inclusive group of fat or fat-derived substances that are soluble in nonpolar solvents related to fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, sterols, waxes, etc. Included in this group are the saponifiable lipids such as glycerides (fats and oils), essential (volatile) oils, and phospholipids.
A complex compound of high molecular weight occurring in living cells. These are basically of two types, ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA) acids. Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides (nitrogen-containing base, a 5-carbon sugar, and one or more phosphate group) linked together by a phosphodiester bond between the 5' and 3' carbon atoms. Nucleosides are compounds composed of a purine or pyrimidine base (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil) linked to either a ribose or a deoxyribose sugar.
A chemical or chemicals viewed from the perspective of their structural characteristics. Included here are concepts which can mean either a salt, an ion, or a compound (e.g., "Bromates" and "Bromides").
A broad type for grouping abstract entities or concepts.
Verletzung
Vergiftung
A traumatic wound, injury, or poisoning caused by an external agent or force.
A chemical viewed from the perspective of its functional characteristics or pharmacological activities.
Amino acids and chains of amino acids connected by peptide linkages.
Behandlungsmethode
Vorbeugungsverfahren
A procedure, method, or technique designed to prevent a disease or a disorder, or to improve physical function, or used in the process of treating a disease or injury.
Gen_oder_Genom
A specific sequence, or in the case of the genome the complete sequence, of nucleotides along a molecule of DNA or RNA (in the case of some viruses) which represent the functional units of heredity.
An endogenous substance whose activities affect or play an important role in the functioning of the nervous system. Included here are catecholamines, neuroregulators, neurophysins, etc.
An operation or series of operations that an organism or machine carries out or participates in.
An activity of or relating to the practice of medicine or involving the care of patients.
A procedure, method, or technique used to determine the nature or identity of a disease or disorder. This excludes procedures which are primarily carried out on specimens in a laboratory.
Diagnostikverfahren
A material with definite or fairly definite chemical composition.
A substance primarily of interest for its use in laboratory or diagnostic tests and procedures to detect, measure, examine, or analyze other chemicals, processes, or conditions.
The fundamental structural and functional unit of living organisms.
Zelle
Funktionssoerung_der_Zelle
A pathologic function inherent to cells, parts of cells, or molecules.
An anatomical structure in a fully formed organism; in mammals, for example, a structure in the body after the birth of the organism.
Merkmal
Symptom
An observable manifestation of a disease or condition based on clinical judgment, or a manifestation of a disease or condition which is experienced by the patient and reported as a subjective observation.
Krankheitserscheinung
A physiologic function involving the mind or cognitive processing.
The condition, product, or state occurring as a consequence, effect, or conclusion of an activity or process. This includes product of, effect of, sequel of, outcome of, culmination of, and completion of.
Holds or is the receptacle for fluids or other substances. This includes is filled with, holds, and is occupied by.
Occurs at the same time as, together with, or jointly. This includes is co-incident with, is concurrent with, is contemporaneous with, accompanies, coexists with, and is concomitant with.
Arises from the division of. For example, the arborization of arteries.
The position, site, or region of an entity or the site of a process.
Serves to link or join together two or more other physical units. This includes joins, links, conjoins, articulates, separates, and bridges.
Applies a remedy with the object of effecting a cure or managing a condition.
Gives evidence for the presence at some time of an entity or process.
Acts on or influences an entity.
Crosses or extends across another physical structure or area. This includes crosses over and crosses through.
Composes, with one or more other physical units, some larger whole. This includes component of, division of, portion of, fragment of, section of, and layer of.
Causes to become more severe or complex or results in adverse effects.
Merges with. For example, the confluence of veins.
Stops, hinders or eliminates an action or condition.
That part of a phenomenon which is directly observable or concretely or visibly expressed, or which gives evidence to the underlying process. This includes expression of, display of, and exhibition of.
Is a component of, as in a constituent of a preparation.
Brings forth, generates or creates. This includes yields, secretes, emits, biosynthesizes, generates, releases, discharges, and creates.
Establishes the boundaries for, or defines the limits of another physical structure. This includes limits, bounds, confines, encloses, and circumscribes.
Produces a direct effect on. Implied here is the altering or influencing of an existing condition, state, situation, or entity. This includes has a role in, alters, influences, predisposes, catalyzes, stimulates, regulates, depresses, impedes, enhances, contributes to, leads to, and modifies.
Close to, near or abutting another physical unit with no other structure of the same kind intervening. This includes adjoins, abuts, is contiguous to, is juxtaposed, and is close to.
Takes place in or happens under given conditions, circumstances, or time periods, or in a given location or population. This includes appears in, transpires, comes about, is present in, and exists in.
Related by the carrying out of some function or activity.
Acts, functions, or operates together with.
Brings about a condition or an effect. Implied here is that an agent, such as for example, a pharmacologic substance or an organism, has brought about the effect. This includes induces, effects, evokes, and etiology.
Related by some abstract concept, thought, or idea.
Action, function, or state of.
Related in time by preceding, co-occuring with, or following.
Directly attached to another physical unit as tendons are connected to muscles. This includes attached to and anchored to.
has a significant or salient relationship to.
Related by virtue of some physical attribute or characteristic.
Occurs earlier in time. This includes antedates, comes before, is in advance of, predates, and is prior to.
Is structurally made up of in whole or in part of some material or matter. This includes composed of, made of, and formed of.
Related by place or region.
Conceptually a portion, division, or component of some larger whole.
The relative intensity of a process or the relative intensity or amount of a quality or attribute.
Alters or influences an already existing condition, state, or situation. Produces a negative effect on.
Distinguishes or identifies the nature or characteristics of.