VSO: The Vehicle Sales Ontology for Semantic Web-based E-Commerce
Vehicle Sales Ontology
E-Commerce, E-Business, GoodRelations, Ontology, Cars, Automobiles, Boats, Bikes
Martin Hepp
VSO: The Vehicle Sales Ontology A Web vocabulary for describings cars, boats, bikes, and other vehicles for e-commerce. Vocabulary: http://purl.org/vso/ns Namespace: http://purl.org/vso/ns# The Vehicle Sales Ontology is designed to be used in combination with GoodRelations, a standard vocabulary for the commercial aspects of offers for sale or rental. See http://purl.org/goodrelations/ for more information.
The Vehicle Sales Ontology ontology is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license; see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/. In a nutshell, you are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix/adapt the work (e.g. to import the ontology and create specializations of its elements), as long as you attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).
Many class and property definitions are inspired by or based on abstracts from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Vehicle (gr:ProductOrService)
A vehicle is a device that is designed or used to transport people or cargo over land, water, air, or through space.
Motorized road vehicle (gr:ProductOrService)
A motorized road vehicle is a wheeled land vehicle whose main propulsion is provided by an engine or motor.
Automobile (gr:ProductOrService)
An automobile, motor car, or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor.
Bus or coach (gr:ProductOrService)
A bus (also omnibus or autobus) is a road vehicle designed to carry passengers. Buses have a capacity as high as 300 passengers and are widely used for public transportation. Coaches are luxury busses, usually in service for long distance travel.
Truck (gr:ProductOrService)
A lorry (British English) or truck (American English) is a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo.
Van (gr:ProductOrService)
A van is a kind of vehicle used for transporting goods or groups of people. It is usually a box-shaped vehicle on four wheels, about the same width and length as a large automobile, but taller and usually higher off the ground, also referred to as a light commercial vehicle or LCV.
Motorcycle (gr:ProductOrService)
A motorcycle or motorbike is a single-track, two-wheeled motor vehicle.
Motorized bicycle (gr:ProductOrService)
A motorized bicycle is a bicycle with an attached motor used to power the vehicle, or to assist with pedaling.
Quadracycle (gr:ProductOrService)
A quadracycle is a four-wheeled human-powered vehicle. It is also referred to as a quadricycle, quadcycle pedal car or four-wheeled bicycle.
Rickshaw (gr:ProductOrService)
A rickshaw (or ricksha) is a two-wheeled cart which seats one or two persons and is being drawn by a runner.
Bicycle (gr:ProductOrService)
A bicycle or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. Some bicycles have a small combustion or electric engine that assists with the pedaling.
Watercraft (gr:ProductOrService)
A watercraft is a vehicle, vessel or craft designed to move across or through water.
Boat (gr:ProductOrService)
A boat is a watercraft of modest size designed to float or plane, to provide passage across water.
Ship (gr:ProductOrService)
A ship is a large watercraft that floats on water.
Canoe (gr:ProductOrService)
A canoe (American English) or Canadian canoe (British English) is a small narrow boat, typically human-powered, though it may also be powered by sails or small electric or gas motors.
Kayak (gr:ProductOrService)
A kayak is a small human-powered watercraft that traditionally has a covered deck, and one or more cockpits, each seating one paddler who strokes a double-bladed paddle. In this ontology, kayaks are considered watercrafts of their own kind, not a subtype of vso:Boat.
Sailing boat (gr:ProductOrService)
A sailboat or sailing boat is a boat propelled partly or entirely by sails.
Motor boat (gr:ProductOrService)
A motorboat is a boat which is powered by an engine.
productionDate (0..1)
The date of production of the vehicle. This property should be used mainly with gr:ActualProductOrServiceInstance.
firstRegistration (0..1)
The date of the first registration of the vehicle with the respective public authorities. This property should be used mainly with gr:ActualProductOrServiceInstance.
modelDate (0..1)
The release date of a vehicle model (often used to differentiate versions of the same make and model)
color (0..*)
The color of the vehicle
condition (0..*)
A textual description of the condition of the vehicle. This property should be mainly used with gr:ActualProductOrServiceInstance.
rentalUsage (0..1)
Indicates whether the vehicle has been used for commercial rental. The legislation in many countries requires this information to be revealed when offering a car for sale. Note 1: This property should be used with gr:ActualProductOrServiceInstance (when offering a vehicle) or gr:ProductOrServicesSomeInstancesPlaceholder (when seeking a vehicle using gr:seeks) only. Note 2: This property is relevant mainly for offers to SELL the vehicle (gr:hasBusinessFunction gr:Sell).
damages (0..*)
A textual description of known damages, both repaired and unrepaired. Note: This property should be used with gr:ActualProductOrServiceInstance (when offering a vehicle) or gr:ProductOrServicesSomeInstancesPlaceholder (when seeking a vehicle using gr:seeks) only.
engineName (0..*)
A short text indicating the engine(s) of the vehicle
ACRISSCode (0..1)
The ACRISS Car Classification Code is a code used by many car rental companies, for classifying vehicles. ACRISS stands for Association of Car Rental Industry Systems and Standards.
VIN [Vehicle Identification Number] (0..1)
A unique serial number used by the automotive industry to identify individual motor vehicles
seatingCapacity (0..1)
The number of passengers that can be seated in the vehicle, both in terms of the physical space available, and in terms of limitations set by law Typical unit code(s): C62 for persons
mileageFromOdometer (0..1)
The total distance travelled by the particular vehicle since its initial production, as read from its odometer Typical unit code(s): KMT for kilometers, SMI for statute miles Note: This property should be used with gr:ActualProductOrServiceInstance (when offering a vehicle) or gr:ProductOrServicesSomeInstancesPlaceholder (when seeking a vehicle using gr:seeks) only.
doors (0..1)
The number of doors Typical unit code(s): C62
axles (0..1)
The number of axles Typical unit code(s): C62
previousOwners (0..1)
The number of previous owners of the vehicle, including the current one Typical unit code(s): C62 Note: This property should be used with gr:ActualProductOrServiceInstance (when offering a vehicle) or gr:ProductOrServicesSomeInstancesPlaceholder (when seeking a vehicle using gr:seeks) only.
fuelConsumption (0..*)
The amount of fuel consumed for traveling a particular distance or temporal duration with the given vehicle (e.g. liters per 100 km) Typical unit code(s): LTR for liters, GLL of US Gallons, GLI for UK / Imperial Gallons Note 1: There are unfortunately no standard unit codes for "liters per 100 km". Simply use "LTR" for liters, "GLL" of US Gallons, or "GLI" for UK / Imperial Gallons, and indicate the distance in the rdfs:label of the gr:QuantitativeValueFloat or use vso:referenceDistance to model the reference distance (e.g. 100 km). Note 2: There are two ways of indicating the fuel consumption, vso:fuelConsumption (e.g. 8 liters per 100 km) and vso:fuelEconomy (e.g. 30 miles per gallon). They are reciprocal. Note 3: Often, the absolute value is useful only when related to driving speed ("at 80 km/h") or usage pattern ("city traffic"). You can use gr:valueReference to link the value for the fuel consumption to another value.
referenceDistance (0..1)
The distance to which a vso:fuelConsumption value refers
fuelEconomy (0..*)
The distance traveled per unit of fuel used; most commonly miles per gallon (mpg) or kilometers per liter (km/L) Typical unit code(s): KMT for kilometers, SMI for statute miles Note 1: There are unfortunately no standard unit codes for miles per gallon or kilometers per liter. Simply use "SMI" for statute miles (common miles in the US and UK) or "KMT" for kilometers, and indicate the fuel amount of reference in the rdfs:label of the gr:QuantitativeValueFloat, or use vso:referenceFuelQuantity with vso:1LTR (1 liter), vso:1GLL (1 US Gallon), or vso:1GLI (1 British Gallon). Note 2: In the absence of a vso:referenceFuelQuantity one may assume that the quantity of reference is 1 gallon for distances given in miles and 1 liter for distances given in kilometers. However, note that the original unit may be obscured by unit conversion services, so this heuristic is far from perfect. Note 3: There are two ways of indicating the fuel consumption, vso:fuelConsumption (e.g. 8 liters per 100 km) and vso:fuelEconomy (e.g. 30 miles per gallon). They are reciprocal. Note 4: Often, the absolute value is useful only when related to driving speed ("at 80 km/h") or usage pattern ("city traffic"). You can use gr:valueReference to link the value for the fuel economy to another value.
referenceFuelQuantity (0..1)
The quantity of fuel to which a vso:fuelEconomy value refers
FuelQuantity
A value indicating an amount of fuel
1LTR (vso:FuelQuantity)
The fuel quantity of 1 liter
1GLL (vso:FuelQuantity)
The fuel quantity of 1 US gallon
1GLI (vso:FuelQuantity)
The fuel quantity of 1 British (imperial) gallon
acceleration (0..*)
The time needed to accelerate the vehicle from a given start velocity to a given target velocity Typical unit code(s): SEC for seconds Note: There are unfortunately no standard unit codes for seconds/0..100 km/h or seconds/0..60 mph. Simply use "SEC" for seconds and indicate the velocities in the rdfs:label of the gr:QuantitativeValueFloat, or use vso:referenceSpeeds with vso:0to60MPH (0..60 mph) or vso:0to100KMH (0..100 km/h) to specify the reference speeds.
referenceSpeeds (0..1)
The interval of initial and target speed to which a vso:acceleration value refers
SpeedInterval
A value indicating a speed interval, mostly for explaining vso:acceleration data
0to60MPH (vso:SpeedInterval)
The speed interval from 0 to 60 mph
0to100KMH (vso:SpeedInterval)
The speed interval from 0 to 100 km/h
width (0..1)
The outer width of the vehicle. Note that you can use gr:hasMinValueFloat and gr:hasMaxValueFloat to indicate ranges. Typical unit code(s): CMT for centimeters, MTR for meters, INH for inches, FOT for foot/feet
length (0..1)
The outer length of the vehicle. Note that you can use gr:hasMinValueFloat and gr:hasMaxValueFloat to indicate ranges. Typical unit code(s): CMT for centimeters, MTR for meters, INH for inches, FOT for foot/feet
height (0..1)
The outer height of the vehicle. Note that you can use gr:hasMinValueFloat and gr:hasMaxValueFloat to indicate ranges. Typical unit code(s): CMT for centimeters, MTR for meters, INH for inches, FOT for foot/feet
weight (0..1)
The weight of the empty vehicle ("curb weight" for cars), i.e. with standard equipment, all necessary operating consumables (e.g. motor oil and coolant), a full tank of fuel, while not loaded with either passengers or cargo Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound Note 1: There are many varying definitions in place for specifying the weight of a vehicle. E.g., the many European Union car manufacturers include the weight of a 75 kilogram driver to follow European Directive 95/48/EC. Make sure to subtract those 75 kg when converting respective data. Note 2: You can indicate additional information in the rdfs:label of the gr:QuantitativeValueFloat node. Note 3: You may also link to a gr:QualitativeValue node that provides additional information using gr:valueReference. Note 4: Note that you can use gr:hasMinValueFloat and gr:hasMaxValueFloat to indicate ranges.
payload (0..1)
The permited weight of passengers and cargo, EXCLUDING the weight of the empty vehicle Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound Note 1: Many databases specify the permitted TOTAL weight instead, which is the sum of vso:weight and vso:payload. Note 2: You can indicate additional information in the rdfs:label of the gr:QuantitativeValueFloat node. Note 3: You may also link to a gr:QualitativeValue node that provides additional information using gr:valueReference. Note 4: Note that you can use gr:hasMinValueFloat and gr:hasMaxValueFloat to indicate ranges.
weightTotal (0..1)
The permited total weight of the loaded vehicle, including passengers and cargo and the weight of the empty vehicle Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound Note 1: You can indicate additional information in the rdfs:label of the gr:QuantitativeValueFloat node. Note 2: You may also link to a gr:QualitativeValue node that provides additional information using gr:valueReference. Note 3: Note that you can use gr:hasMinValueFloat and gr:hasMaxValueFloat to indicate ranges.
wheelbase (0..1)
The distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels Typical unit code(s): CMT for centimeters, MTR for meters, INH for inches, FOT for foot/feet
gearsTotal (0..1)
The total number of forward and reverse gears available for the transmission system of the vehicle Typical unit code(s): C62
cargoVolume (0..1)
The available volume for cargo or luggage. For automobiles, this is usually the trunk space. Typical unit code(s): LTR for liters, FTQ for cubic foot/feet Note: You can use gr:hasMinValueFloat and gr:hasMaxValueFloat to indicate ranges.
enginePower (0..*)
The power of the vehicle's engine. If there are multiple engines, simply attach this property multiple times. Typical unit code(s): KWT for kilowatt Note 1: There are many different ways of measuring an engine's power. For an overview, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsepower#Engine_power_test_codes. Note 2: You can link to information about how the given value has been determined using the gr:valueReference property. Note 3: You can use gr:hasMinValueFloat and gr:hasMaxValueFloat to indicate ranges.
speed (0..*)
The speed range of the vehicle. If the vehicle is powered by an engine, the upper limit of the speed range (indicated by gr:hasMaxValueFloat) should be the maximum speed achievable under regular conditions. Typical unit code(s): KMH for km/h, HM for mile per hour (0.447 04 m/s), KNT for knot Note 1: Use gr:hasMinValueFloat and gr:hasMaxValueFloat to indicate the range. Typically, the minimal value is zero. Note 2: There are many different ways of measuring the speed range. You can link to information about how the given value has been determined using the gr:valueReference property.
engineDisplacement (0..*)
The volume swept by all of the pistons inside the cylinders of an internal combustion engine in a single movement. If there are multiple engines, simply attach this property multiple times. Typical unit code(s): CMQ for cubic centimeter, LTR for liters, INQ for cubic inches Note 1: You can link to information about how the given value has been determined using the gr:valueReference property. Note 2: You can use gr:hasMinValueFloat and gr:hasMaxValueFloat to indicate ranges.
fuelTankVolume (0..1)
The volume of the fuel tank. If there are multiple tanks, this should indicate the total of all tanks. Typical unit code(s): LTR for liters, GLL of US gallons, GLI for UK / imperial gallons
roofLoad (0..1)
The permited total weight of cargo and installations (e.g. a roof rack) on top of the vehicle Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound Note 1: You can indicate additional information in the rdfs:label of the gr:QuantitativeValueFloat node. Note 2: You may also link to a gr:QualitativeValue node that provides additional information using gr:valueReference. Note 3: Note that you can use gr:hasMinValueFloat and gr:hasMaxValueFloat to indicate ranges.
trailerWeight (0..1)
The permited weight of a trailer attached to the vehicle. Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound Note 1: You can indicate additional information in the rdfs:label of the gr:QuantitativeValueFloat node. Note 2: You may also link to a gr:QualitativeValue node that provides additional information using gr:valueReference. Note 3: Note that you can use gr:hasMinValueFloat and gr:hasMaxValueFloat to indicate ranges.
tongueWeight (0..1)
The permited vertical load (TWR) of a trailer attached to the vehicle. Also referred to as Tongue Load Rating (TLR) or Vertical Load Rating (VLR). Typical unit code(s): KGM for kilogram, LBR for pound Note 1: You can indicate additional information in the rdfs:label of the gr:QuantitativeValueFloat node. Note 2: You may also link to a gr:QualitativeValue node that provides additional information using gr:valueReference. Note 3: Note that you can use gr:hasMinValueFloat and gr:hasMaxValueFloat to indicate ranges.
steeringPosition (0..1)
The position of the steering wheel or similar device (mostly for cars)
Steering position value (the class of predefined values)
A value indicating a steering position
Left Hand Drive (vso:SteeringPositionValue)
The steering position is on the left side of the vehicle (viewed from the main direction of driving). For cars this means that you drive on the right side of the road.
Right Hand Drive (vso:SteeringPositionValue)
The steering position is on the right side of the vehicle (viewed from the main direction of driving). For cars this means that you drive on the left side of the road.
fuelType (0..*)
The type of fuel suitable for the engine or engines of the vehicle. Use DBPedia resources to indicate the fuel type. Popular identifiers are http://dbpedia.org/resource/Gasoline http://dbpedia.org/resource/Diesel http://dbpedia.org/resource/Biodiesel http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kerosene For two-stroke mixtures, use vso:TwoStrokeMixture.
Fuel type value (the class of predefined values)
A value indicating a type of fuel. You can safely use any reasonable DBPedia URI, e.g. http://dbpedia.org/resource/Gasoline http://dbpedia.org/resource/Diesel http://dbpedia.org/resource/Biodiesel http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kerosene
Two-Stroke Mixture (vso:FuelTypeValue)
A pre-mixed fuel-oil mixture
engineType (0..*)
The type of engine or engines powering the vehicle. If there are multiple engines, simply attach this property multiple times. Use DBPedia resources to indicate the engine type. Popular identifiers are http://dbpedia.org/resource/Two-stroke_engine http://dbpedia.org/resource/Four-stroke_engine http://dbpedia.org/resource/Wankel_engine http://dbpedia.org/resource/Electric_motor If you cannot find a suitable identifier in DBPedia, define your own as an instance of vso:EngineTypeValue.
Engine type value (the class of predefined values)
A value indicating an engine type. You can safely use any reasonable DBPedia URI, e.g. http://dbpedia.org/resource/Two-stroke_engine http://dbpedia.org/resource/Four-stroke_engine http://dbpedia.org/resource/Wankel_engine http://dbpedia.org/resource/Electric_motor
transmission (0..*)
The type of component used for transmitting the power from a rotating power source to the wheels or propeller(s) ("gearbox" for cars). Use DBPedia resources to indicate the transmission type, if possible. Popular identifiers are http://dbpedia.org/resource/Manual_transmission http://dbpedia.org/resource/Automatic_transmission If you cannot find a suitable identifier in DBPedia, define your own as an instance of vso:TransmissionTypeValue.
Transmission type value (the class of predefined values)
A value indicating a type of transmission. You can safely use any reasonable DBPedia URI, e.g. http://dbpedia.org/resource/Manual_transmission http://dbpedia.org/resource/Automatic_transmission
driveWheelConfiguration (0..1)
The drive wheel configuration, i.e. which roadwheels will receive torque from the vehicle's engine via the drivetrain
Drive wheel configuration value (the class of predefined values)
A value indicating which roadwheels will receive torque
Front-wheel drive, FWD (vso:DriveWheelConfigurationValue)
Front-wheel drive is a transmission layout where the engine drives the front wheels.
Rear-wheel drive, RWD (vso:DriveWheelConfigurationValue)
Rear-wheel drive is a transmission layout where the engine drives the rear wheels.
Four-wheel drive (vso:DriveWheelConfigurationValue)
Four-wheel Drive is a transmission layout where the engine primarily drives two wheels with a part-time four-wheel drive capability.
All-wheel drive (vso:DriveWheelConfigurationValue)
All-wheel Drive is a transmission layout where the engine drives all four wheels.
feature (0..*)
Indicates a built-in feature, accessory, or component of the vehicle. Use DBPedia resources to indicate the features, if possible. Popular identifiers are http://dbpedia.org/resource/Anti-lock_braking_system http://dbpedia.org/resource/Electronic_stability_control http://dbpedia.org/resource/Armrest http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoiler_%28automotive%29 http://dbpedia.org/resource/CD_Changer http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cup_holder http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tow_hitch http://dbpedia.org/resource/Power_window http://dbpedia.org/resource/Power_steering http://dbpedia.org/resource/Air_conditioner http://dbpedia.org/resource/Child_safety_lock http://dbpedia.org/resource/Parking_sensors See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Automotive_accessories. If you cannot find a suitable identifier in DBPedia, define your own as an instance of vso:FeatureValue.
Feature value (the class of predefined values)
A value indicating the features or accessories that are attached to or belong to a vehicle. You can safely use any reasonable DBPedia URI, e.g. http://dbpedia.org/resource/Anti-lock_braking_system http://dbpedia.org/resource/Electronic_stability_control http://dbpedia.org/resource/Armrest http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spoiler_%28automotive%29 http://dbpedia.org/resource/CD_Changer http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cup_holder http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tow_hitch http://dbpedia.org/resource/Power_window http://dbpedia.org/resource/Power_steering http://dbpedia.org/resource/Air_conditioner http://dbpedia.org/resource/Child_safety_lock http://dbpedia.org/resource/Parking_sensors
bodyStyle (0..1)
Indicates the design and body style of the vehicle. Use DBPedia resources to indicate the features, if possible. Popular identifiers are http://dbpedia.org/resource/Convertible http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hatchback http://dbpedia.org/resource/Station_wagon http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sport_utility_vehicle http://dbpedia.org/resource/Roadster See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_body_styles. If you cannot find a suitable identifier in DBPedia, define your own as an instance of vso:BodyStyleValue.
Body style value (the class of predefined values)
A value indicating the body style of a vehicle. You can safely use any reasonable DBPedia URI, e.g. http://dbpedia.org/resource/Convertible http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hatchback http://dbpedia.org/resource/Station_wagon http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sport_utility_vehicle http://dbpedia.org/resource/Roadster
meetsEmissionStandard (0..*)
Indicates that the vehicle meets the respective emission standard. Use DBPedia resources to indicate the standard, if possible. Popular identifiers are http://dbpedia.org/resource/Super_Ultra_Low_Emission_Vehicle http://dbpedia.org/resource/Partial_zero-emissions_vehicle See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emissions_standard. Unfortunately, there are no DBPedia identifiers for the popular Euro 1 - Euro 5 standards available. If you cannot find a suitable identifier in DBPedia, define your own as an instance of vso:EmissionStandardValue.
Emission standard value (the class of predefined values)
A value indicating the an emission standard. You can safely use any reasonable DBPedia URI, e.g. http://dbpedia.org/resource/Super_Ultra_Low_Emission_Vehicle http://dbpedia.org/resource/Partial_zero-emissions_vehicle See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emissions_standard. Unfortunately, there are no DBPedia identifiers for the popular Euro 1 - Euro 5 standards available. If you cannot find a suitable identifier in DBPedia, define your own as an instance of vso:EmissionStandardValue.