A property that links a cito:CitationAct to its characterization made by using a CiTO citation characterization property such as cito:extends. This usage involved OWL2 punning, whenby a CiTO object property, such as the aforementioned cito:extends, is used as the object of an OWL assertion: :thisCitation cito:hasCitationCharacterization cito:extends In such cases of OWL punning, the CiTO object properties are simultaneously considered both as normal object properties and also as proper named individuals of the class owl:Thing.
has citation characterization
definition
A statement or formal explanation of the meaning of a concept.
Relation PPi(x,y), read as 'x properly contains y'. Inverse of the PP(x,y) relation.
Date of creation of the resource.
Date Created
The cited entity presents facts, ideas or understandings that are extended by the citing entity.
is extended by
The method by which items are added to a collection.
Accrual Method
has narrower transitive
skos:narrowerTransitive is a transitive superproperty of skos:narrower.
By convention, skos:narrowerTransitive is not used to make assertions. Rather, the properties can be used to draw inferences about the transitive closure of the hierarchical relation, which is useful e.g. when implementing a simple query expansion algorithm in a search application.
A book, article, or other documentary resource.
Bibliographic Resource
Relation Pi(x,y), read as 'x contains y'. Inverse of the P(x,y) relation.
Example: Italy has more than ten thousand kilometers of shoreline: see [X].
cites as data source
The citing entity cites the cited entity as source of data.
The frequency with which items are added to a collection.
Accrual Periodicity
is cited as recommended reading
The cited entity is cited by the citing entity as an item of recommended reading. This property can be used, for example, to describe references in a lecture reading list, where the cited references are relevant to the general topic of the lecture, but might not be individually cited within the text of the lecture. Similarly, it could be used to describe items in a 'Suggested further reading' list at the end of a book chapter.
A legal document giving official permission to do something with a Resource.
License Document
Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, a table of contents, a graphical representation, or a free-text account of the resource.
An account of the resource.
Description
The citing entity disagrees with statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.
disagrees with
Example: We do not share Galileo's opinion [X]: the Earth does not move.
Example: We now examine if Galileo is right when he writes [X] that the Earth moves.
discusses
The citing entity discusses statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.
The set of conceptual resources specified by the Universal Decimal Classification.
UDC
This term is intended to be used with non-literal values as defined in the DCMI Abstract Model (http://dublincore.org/documents/abstract-model/). As of December 2007, the DCMI Usage Board is seeking a way to express this intention with a formal range declaration.
Is Replaced By
A related resource that supplants, displaces, or supersedes the described resource.
is in mapping relation with
Relates two concepts coming, by convention, from different schemes, and that have comparable meanings
These concept mapping relations mirror semantic relations, and the data model defined below is similar (with the exception of skos:exactMatch) to the data model defined for semantic relations. A distinct vocabulary is provided for concept mapping relations, to provide a convenient way to differentiate links within a concept scheme from links between concept schemes. However, this pattern of usage is not a formal requirement of the SKOS data model, and relies on informal definitions of best practice.
A page about a topic of interest to this person.
A work info homepage of some person; a page about their work for some organization.
is reviewed by
The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are reviewed by the citing entity.
A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource.
Has Part
Indicates a homepage of the service provide for this online account.
An organization funding a project or person.
Examples of Agent include person, organization, and software agent.
A resource that acts or has the power to act.
Agent
is cited as related by
The cited entity is cited as being related to the citing entity.
has broader
Relates a concept to a concept that is more general in meaning.
Broader concepts are typically rendered as parents in a concept hierarchy (tree).
By convention, skos:broader is only used to assert an immediate (i.e. direct) hierarchical link between two conceptual resources.
has member
Relates a collection to one of its members.
A personal mailbox, ie. an Internet mailbox associated with exactly one owner, the first owner of this mailbox. This is a 'static inverse functional property', in that there is (across time and change) at most one individual that ever has any particular value for foaf:mbox.
The described resource may be derived from the related resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to identify the related resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
A related resource from which the described resource is derived.
Source
Relation DC(x,y), read as 'x is disconnected from y'. In order to prevent an exponential growth of triples when handling large amounts of data, a closed world assumption may also be possible. More precisely, by considering not explicitely connected regions as discrete regions. Moreover, discrete regions, which are not explicitely labeled as externally connected, would be considered disconnected from eachother.
Concept Scheme
A set of concepts, optionally including statements about semantic relationships between those concepts.
A concept scheme may be defined to include concepts from different sources.
Thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, 'folksonomies', and other types of controlled vocabulary are all examples of concept schemes. Concept schemes are also embedded in glossaries and terminologies.
A material thing.
Physical Resource
A related resource.
Recommended best practice is to identify the related resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
Relation
shares authors with
Each entity has at least one author in common with the other entity.
has top concept
Relates, by convention, a concept scheme to a concept which is topmost in the broader/narrower concept hierarchies for that scheme, providing an entry point to these hierarchies.
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
A weblog of some thing (whether person, group, company etc.).
Relation O(x,y), read as 'x overlaps y'. A region x overlaps a region y, if they share at least one common point of their interiors.
A file format or physical medium.
Media Type
Examples of Agent Class include groups seen as classes, such as students, women, charities, lecturers.
A group of agents.
Agent Class
A list of subunits of the resource.
Table Of Contents
derides
Example: The ideas published in [X] are incredibly stupid.
The citing entity express derision for the cited entity, or for ideas or conclusions contained within it.
RFC 5646 obsoletes RFC 4646.
The set of tags constructed according to RFC 5646 for the identification of languages.
RFC 5646
has broader match
skos:broadMatch is used to state a hierarchical mapping link between two conceptual resources in different concept schemes.
Date Copyrighted
Date of copyright.
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant.
Spatial topic and spatial applicability may be a named place or a location specified by its geographic coordinates. Temporal topic may be a named period, date, or date range. A jurisdiction may be a named administrative entity or a geographic place to which the resource applies. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Thesaurus of Geographic Names [TGN]. Where appropriate, named places or time periods can be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges.
Coverage
The set of conceptual resources specified by the National Library of Medicine Classification.
NLM
The policy governing the addition of items to a collection.
Accrual Policy
The cited entity presents conclusions that are used in work described in the citing entity.
provides conclusions for
A checksum for the DNA of some thing. Joke.
Indicates the class of individuals that are a member of a Group
has related
Relates a concept to a concept with which there is an associative semantic relationship.
skos:related is disjoint with skos:broaderTransitive
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource.
Creator
Examples of a Creator include a person, an organization, or a service.
A person known by this person (indicating some level of reciprocated interaction between the parties).
The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation.
Provenance
Aplan comment, in the tradition of finger and '.plan' files.
The citing entity contains a statement of fact or a logical assertion (or a collection of such facts and/or assertions) originally present in the cited entity. This object property is designed to be used to relate a separate abstract, summary or nanopublication to the cited entity upon which it is based.
contains assertion from
Example: We think that to stand on the top of giants [X] is a valuable principle to follow for our own research.
The characteristic style or content of the cited entity is imitated by the citing entity for comic effect, usually without explicit citation.
is parodied by
The set of conceptual resources specified by the Library of Congress Classification.
LCC
A name given to the resource.
Title
The set of media types specified by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority.
IMT
A location, period of time, or jurisdiction.
Location, Period, or Jurisdiction
Concept
An idea or notion; a unit of thought.
The citing entity includes one or more excerpts from the cited entity.
includes excerpt from
An excerpt is more general than a quotation. It is generally used to indicate a re-published extract from a book, instruction manual, film, radio programme, etc, that need not be what someone said. For example: Oxford 01865 Oxshott 01372 Oxted 01883 Oxton 01578 is an excerpt from the UK Dialling Codes section of the Oxford Telephone Directory.
Example: In her work, the author states that even though most Human Information Behaviour researchers are familiar with the literature related to their studies, it is not uncommon for investigators to fail to see the benefits they may gain from previous mistakes [X].
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Medium
Date (often a range) that the resource became or will become available.
Date Available
change note
A note about a modification to a concept.
preferred label
The preferred lexical label for a resource, in a given language.
A resource has no more than one value of skos:prefLabel per language tag, and no more than one value of skos:prefLabel without language tag.
The range of skos:prefLabel is the class of RDF plain literals.
skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel are pairwise disjoint properties.
The cited entity presents facts, ideas or statements that are confirmed by the citing entity.
is confirmed by
The citing entity constitutes a formal retraction of the cited entity.
Example: We wrote that the Earth moves in [X]; we now retire such statement.
retracts
The two entities result from activities that have been funded by the same funding agency.
shares funding agency with
Indicates an account held by this agent.
A foaf:LabelProperty is any RDF property with texual values that serve as labels.
A related resource that is substantially the same as the pre-existing described resource, but in another format.
Has Format
The cited entity contains information, usually of a textual nature, that is excerpted by (used as an excerpt within) the citing entity.
provides excerpt for
Examples include written, spoken, sign, and computer languages.
A system of signs, symbols, sounds, gestures, or rules used in communication.
Linguistic System
Relation PO(x,y), read as 'x partially overlaps y'. A region x overlaps a region y, if they share at least one common point of their interiors, and one does not contain the other within its borders.
The set of conceptual resources specified by the Dewey Decimal Classification.
DDC
The citing entity speculates on something within or related to the cited entity, without firm evidence.
Example: We believe that if Galileo believed that Earth goes around the Sun [X], he also should believe that Moon goes around Earth.
speculates on
has broader transitive
skos:broaderTransitive is a transitive superproperty of skos:broader.
By convention, skos:broaderTransitive is not used to make assertions. Rather, the properties can be used to draw inferences about the transitive closure of the hierarchical relation, which is useful e.g. when implementing a simple query expansion algorithm in a search application.
is refuted by
The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are refuted by the citing entity.
Examples include the formats defined by the list of Internet Media Types.
A digital resource format.
File Format
The citing entity critiques statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.
Example: The ideas presented in [X] are badly substantantiated.
critiques
Anything with spatial extent, i.e. size, shape, or position. e.g. people, places, bowling balls, as well as abstract areas like cubes.
Relation P(x,y), read as 'x is a part of y', holds whenever the region x is contained within the borders of the region y.
CiTO, the Citation Typing Ontology
CiTO, the Citation Typing Ontology, is an ontology for the characterization of citations, both factually and rhetorically. It forms part of SPAR, a suite of Semantic Publishing and Referencing Ontologies. Other SPAR ontologies are described at http://purl.org/spar/.
CiTO, the Citation Typing Ontology, is an ontology written in OWL 2 DL to enable characterization of the nature or type of citations, both factually and rhetorically, and to permit these descriptions to be published on the Web. The citations characterized may be either direct and explicit (as in the reference list of a journal article), indirect (e.g. a citation to a more recent paper by the same research group on the same topic), or implicit (e.g. as in artistic quotations or parodies, or in cases of plagiarism). CiTO contains the object property cito:cites and its sub-properties, and its inverse property cito:isCitedBy, from the original Citation Typing Ontology, CiTO v1.6. Upon the creation of version 2.0 of CiTO, a number of new sub-properties of cito:cites were added, and the inverse properties of all the sub-properties of cito:cites were created, all of which are sub-properties of cito:isCitedBy. The ontology has also been integrated with the SWAN Discourse Relationships Ontology by making cito:cites a sub-property of http://purl.org/swan/2.0/discourse-relationships/refersTo. Restrictions of domain and range present in the previous version of CiTO were removed from the object properties when creating CiTO v 2.0, permitting its independent use in other contexts, in addition to conventional bibliographic citations. So that they can be used independently, other entities that were previously included in CiTO v1.6 have now been made components of other SPAR ontologies: FaBiO, the FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology; C4O, the Citation Counting and Context Characterization Ontology; and PSO, the Publication Status Ontology. The addition of two new properties:cito:usesConclusionsFrom and its inverse cito:providesConclusionsFor on 09Dec2011 led to a version number increment from v2.0 to v2.1. The addition of two additional properties, cito:compiles and cito:isCompiledBy, previously in the deprecated CiTO4Data ontology, on 03 July 2012 led to a version increment from v2.1 to v2.2. Subsequent expansions include: in versions 2.3 and 2.4 the addition of the object properties cito:citesAsPotentialSolution, cito:citesAsRecommended, cito:repliesTo, cito:retracts, cito:speculates on, and their inverse properties; in v2.5 the addition of cito:CitationAct, cito:hasCitationEvent, cito:hasCitedEntity and cito:hasCitingEntity; in v 2.6: renaming cito:hasCitationEvent to become cito:hasCitationCharacterization; improving definitions of cito:CitationAct, cito:hasCitationCharacterization, cito:hasCitedEntity and cito:hasCitingEntity; revising the definition of cito:isCompiledBy to correct it and bring it into line with the DataCite Metadata Kernel v2.2 definition; changing the definition of cito:sharesAuthorsWith from 'An object property indicating that the citing entity has at least one author in common with the cited entity.' to 'An object property between two entities indicating that they have at least one author in common.' so that it can be used when one entity does not actually cite the other; adding the object properties cito:hasRelatedEntity, cito:sharesFundingAgencyWith and cito:sharesAuthorInstitutionWith; and adding the text 'An object property indicating that' at the beginning of the textual definition (rdfs:comment) for each CiTO object property. in v 2.6.1: Removed text 'An object property indicating that' added in v 2.6 at the beginning of the textual definition (rdfs:comment) for each CiTO object property, so that each definition is just a direct statement of the relationship. Removed the property cito:hasRelatedEntity (in favour of using dcterms:relation). Renamed cito:hasReply to become cito:hasReplyFrom. Improved the textual definitions of cito:derides and its inverse property. in v 2.6.2: Improved definitions of of cito:CitationAct, cito:hasCitationCharacterization, cito:hasCitedEntity and cito:hasCitingEntity. in v 2.6.3: Added examples for each citation type (i.e., all the subproperties of cito:cites). in v 2.6.4: Added alignment with schema:citation.
This work is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
This ontology is available at http://purl.org/spar/cito/, and uses the namespace prefix cito.
disputes
The citing entity disputes statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.
Example: We doubt that Galileo is right when he writes [X] that the Earth moves.
Example: Building upon Galileo's findings [X], we discovered that all the planets move.
The citing entity describes work that uses conclusions presented in the cited entity.
uses conclusions from
notation
A notation, also known as classification code, is a string of characters such as "T58.5" or "303.4833" used to uniquely identify a concept within the scope of a given concept scheme.
By convention, skos:notation is used with a typed literal in the object position of the triple.
has narrower match
skos:narrowMatch is used to state a hierarchical mapping link between two conceptual resources in different concept schemes.
The citing entity documents information about the cited entity.
documents
Example: Herein we report in detail the complete set of ontological rules defined in the Overlapping Ontology [X].
hidden label
A lexical label for a resource that should be hidden when generating visual displays of the resource, but should still be accessible to free text search operations.
The range of skos:hiddenLabel is the class of RDF plain literals.
RFC 4646 obsoletes RFC 3066.
The set of tags constructed according to RFC 4646 for the identification of languages.
RFC 4646
Relation x=y, read as 'x is identical with y'. This relation holds when two regions are spatially co-located.
A rate at which something recurs.
Frequency
The citing entity acknowledges contributions made by the cited entity.
Example: Galileo was the first to observe Jupiter's satellites [X].
credits
Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible.
A bibliographic reference for the resource.
Bibliographic Citation
A related resource that is supplanted, displaced, or superseded by the described resource.
Replaces
The set of regions in space defined by their geographic coordinates according to the DCMI Box Encoding Scheme.
DCMI Box
The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are disagreed with by the citing entity.
is disagreed with by
is top concept in scheme
Relates a concept to the concept scheme that it is a top level concept of.
DCMI Metadata Terms - other
SKOS Vocabulary
Participants in W3C's Semantic Web Deployment Working Group.
An RDF vocabulary for describing the basic structure and content of concept schemes such as thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, 'folksonomies', other types of controlled vocabulary, and also concept schemes embedded in glossaries and terminologies.
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
Temporal Coverage
The three-letter alphabetic codes listed in ISO639-2 for the representation of names of languages.
ISO 639-2
Date (often a range) of validity of a resource.
Date Valid
qualifies
The citing entity qualifies or places conditions or restrictions upon statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.
Example: Galileo's masterpiece 'Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo' [X] is formally a dialog and substantially a scientific pamphlet.
has related match
skos:relatedMatch is used to state an associative mapping link between two conceptual resources in different concept schemes.
A comma-separated representation of a latitude, longitude coordinate.
RFC 3066 has been obsoleted by RFC 4646.
The set of tags constructed according to RFC 3066 for the identification of languages.
RFC 3066
A property that permits you to express appreciation of or interest in something that is the object of the RDF triple, or to express that it is worth thinking about even if you do not agree with its content, enabling social media 'likes' statements to be encoded in RDF. Use of this property does NOT imply the existence of a formal citation of the entity that is 'liked'.
likes
The cited entity contains information, usually of a textual nature, that is quoted by (used as a quotation within) the citing entity.
provides quotation for
The birthday of this Agent, represented in mm-dd string form, eg. '12-31'.
parodies
Example: We act as giants on the shoulders of dwarfs [X]!
The citing entity imitates the characteristic style or content of the cited entity for comic effect, usually without explicit citation.
The relation between something and the point, or other geometrical thing in space, where it is. For example, the realtionship between a radio tower and a Point with a given lat and long. Or a relationship between a park and its outline as a closed arc of points, or a road and its location as a arc (a sequence of points). Clearly in practice there will be limit to the accuracy of any such statement, but one would expect an accuracy appropriate for the size of the object and uses such as mapping
The size or duration of the resource.
Extent
A media type or extent.
Media Type or Extent
The set of identifiers constructed according to the generic syntax for Uniform Resource Identifiers as specified by the Internet Engineering Task Force.
URI
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource.
Date may be used to express temporal information at any level of granularity. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as the W3CDTF profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF].
Date
provides assertion for
The cited entity contains and is the original source of a statement of fact or a logical assertion (or a collection of such facts and/or assertions) that is to be found in the citing entity. This inverse object property is designed to be used to relate a cited entity to a separate abstract, summary or nanopublication based upon it.
Examples include paper, canvas, or DVD.
A physical material or carrier.
Physical Medium
The set of dates and times constructed according to the W3C Date and Time Formats Specification.
W3C-DTF
Relation PP(x,y), read as 'x is a proper part of y', means that the region x is contained within the borders of the region y, and region y is not contained within the borders of the region y, which means they are not equals.
Example: The grammar of Pascal was introduced in [X].
The citing entity cites the cited entity as a source of information on the subject under discussion.
cites for information
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status.
Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
reviews
Example: This paper discusses Toulmin's methodology in modelling argumentation [X], focussing on highlighting advantages and drawbacks of the application of such a methodology in the Social Web.
The citing entity reviews statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.
The Friend of a Friend (FOAF) RDF vocabulary, described using W3C RDF Schema and the Web Ontology Language.
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of a resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation.
Provenance Statement
is cited as metadata document by
The cited entity is cited as being the container of metadata relating to the citing entity.
cites as source document
The citing entity cites the cited entity as being the entity from which the citing entity is derived, or about which the citing entity contains metadata.
Example: Several sections of this work are based on our literature review of the topic published as journal article [X].
The set of places specified by the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
TGN
is qualified by
The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are qualified or have conditions placed upon them by the citing entity.
is agreed with by
The cited entity contains statements, ideas or conclusions with which the citing entity agrees.
The extent or range of judicial, law enforcement, or other authority.
Jurisdiction
cites as authority
Example: Newton asserted that we are like dwarfs standing on the shoulders of giants [X].
The citing entity cites the cited entity as one that provides an authoritative description or definition of the subject under discussion.
The set of classes specified by the DCMI Type Vocabulary, used to categorize the nature or genre of the resource.
DCMI Type Vocabulary
A workplace homepage of some person; the homepage of an organization they work for.
Each entity has at least one author that shares a common institutional affiliation with an author of the other entity.
shares author institution with
Language
Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as RFC 4646 [RFC4646].
A language of the resource.
The citing entity is used to create or compile the cited entity.
Example: This book gathers interviews with academic researchers of several disciplines [X].
compiles
Note: This property has been imported from the CiTO4Data ontology, usage of which has been deprecated.
Example: Basic bibliographic, entity and project metadata relating to this article, recorded in a structured machine-readable form, is available as an additional file [X] accompanying this paper.
cites as metadata document
The citing entity cites the cited entity as being the container of metadata describing the citing entity.
Example: We follow [X] in using design patterns for testing.
uses method in
The citing entity describes work that uses a method detailed in the cited entity.
A geographical feature, capable of holding spatial relations.
A phone, specified using fully qualified tel: URI scheme (refs: http://www.w3.org/Addressing/schemes.html#tel).
A property indicating that the author of the citing entity plagiarizes the cited entity, by including textual or other elements from the cited entity without formal acknowledgement of their source. The citing entity thus contains no explicit citation of the cited entity, according to the norms of scholarly practice, but cites it implicitly.
plagiarizes
Example: The conclusion of our dissertation can be summarised by the following motto, we created specifically for this purpose: we are like dwarfs standing on the shoulders of giants.
A related resource that requires the described resource to support its function, delivery, or coherence.
Is Required By
WGS84 Geo Positioning: an RDF vocabulary
A vocabulary for representing latitude, longitude and altitude information in the WGS84 geodetic reference datum. Version $Id: wgs84_pos.rdf,v 1.22 2009/04/20 15:00:30 timbl Exp $. See http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/ for more details.
Recent changes to this namespace: $Log: wgs84_pos.rdf,v $ Revision 1.22 2009/04/20 15:00:30 timbl Remove the time bits which have been deal with elsewhere eg in iCal. Revision 1.21 2009/04/20 12:52:47 timbl try again Revision 1.20 2009/04/20 12:42:11 timbl Add Event (edited ages ago and never checked in), and location (following discussion http://chatlogs.planetrdf.com/swig/2009-04-20#T12-36-09) Revision 1.19 2009/04/20 12:36:31 timbl Add Event (edited ages ago and never checked in), and location (following discussion http://chatlogs.planetrdf.com/swig/2009-04-20#T12-36-09) Revision 1.18 2006/02/01 22:01:04 danbri Clarified that lat and long are decimal degrees, and that alt is decimal metres about local reference ellipsoid Revision 1.17 2004/02/06 17:38:12 danbri Fixed a bad commit screwup Revision 1.15 2003/04/19 11:24:08 danbri Fixed the typo even more. Revision 1.14 2003/04/19 11:16:56 danbri fixed a typo Revision 1.13 2003/02/19 22:27:27 connolly relaxed domain constraints on lat/long/alt from Point to SpatialThing Revision 1.12 2003/01/12 01:41:41 danbri Trying local copy of XSLT doc. Revision 1.11 2003/01/12 01:20:18 danbri added a link to morten's xslt rdfs viewer. Revision 1.10 2003/01/11 18:56:49 danbri Removed datatype range from lat and long properties, since they would have required each occurance of the property to mention the datatype. Revision 1.9 2003/01/11 11:41:31 danbri Another typo; repaired rdfs:Property to rdf:Property x4 Revision 1.8 2003/01/11 11:05:02 danbri Added an rdfs:range for each lat/long/alt property, http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float Revision 1.7 2003/01/10 20:25:16 danbri Longer rdfs:comment for Point, trying to be Earth-centric and neutral about coordinate system(s) at the same time. Feedback welcomed. Revision 1.6 2003/01/10 20:18:30 danbri Added CVS log comments into the RDF/XML as an rdfs:comment property of the vocabulary. Note that this is not common practice (but seems both harmless and potentially useful). revision 1.5 date: 2003/01/10 20:14:31; author: danbri; state: Exp; lines: +16 -5 Updated schema: Added a dc:date, added url for more info. Changed the rdfs:label of the namespace from gp to geo. Added a class Point, set as the rdfs:domain of each property. Added XML comment on the lat_long property suggesting that we might not need it (based on #rdfig commentary from implementors). revision 1.4 date: 2003/01/10 20:01:07; author: danbri; state: Exp; lines: +6 -5 Fixed typo; several rdfs:about attributes are now rdf:about. Thanks to MortenF in #rdfig for catching this error. revision 1.3 date: 2003/01/10 11:59:03; author: danbri; state: Exp; lines: +4 -3 fixed buglet in vocab, added more wgs links revision 1.2 date: 2003/01/10 11:01:11; author: danbri; state: Exp; lines: +4 -4 Removed alt from the as-a-flat-string property, and switched from space separated to comma separated. revision 1.1 date: 2003/01/10 10:53:23; author: danbri; state: Exp; basic geo vocab
A thing depicted in this representation.
The set of three-letter codes listed in ISO 639-3 for the representation of names of languages.
ISO 639-3
has cited entity
A property that relates a citation act to the entity that is the target of that citation.
The cited entity makes contributions that are acknowledged by the citing entity.
is credited by
ridicules
Example: Galileo said that the Earth "moves" [X]; really? And where is it going?
The citing entity ridicules the cited entity or aspects of its contents.
The cited entity is cited as being the entity from which the citing entity is derived, or about which the citing entity contains metadata.
is cited as source document by
corrects
Example: The result published in [X] is partially wrong, the correct result is 42.
The citing entity corrects statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.
is cited for information by
The cited entity is cited as a source of information on the subject under discussion in the citing entity.
The cited entity is cited as providing or containing a possible solution to the issues being discussed in the citing entity.
is cited as potential solution by
The cited entity (the subject of the RDF triple) is cited by the citing entity (the object of the triple).
is cited by
The cited entity details a method that is used in work described by the citing entity.
provides method for
is in scheme
Relates a resource (for example a concept) to a concept scheme in which it is included.
A concept may be a member of more than one concept scheme.
citation act
A citation act is a performative act of making a citation from a citing entity to a cited entity, typically instantiated by the inclusion of a bibliographic reference or a data reference in the reference list of the citing entity. This CiTO class and its accompanying object properties cito:hasCitingEntity, cito:hasCitationCharacterization and cito:hasCitedEntity can be employed to reify direct citation act statements made using the CiTO citation object property cito:cites or one of its sub-properties. For example, the following RDF statement: :paperA cito:extends :paperB can be alternatively described as follows: :thisCitation a cito:CitationAct ; cito:hasCitingEntity :paperA ; cito:hasCitationCharacterization cito:extends ; cito:hasCitedEntity :paperB This usage involved OWL2 punning, whenby a CiTO object property, such as the aforementioned cito:extends, is used as the object of the OWL assertion :thisCitation cito:hasCitationCharacterization cito:extends Using such OWL2 punning (described at http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-owl2-new-features-20090611/#F12:_Punning), the CiTO object property is considered as a proper named individual of the class owl:Thing. Such reification of citation acts can be very useful, since it permits one to combine these CiTO properties with other vocabularies, or to handle situations in which none of the citation characterizations available in CiTO are applicable. Such situations can be resolved by the creation of a user-defined citation characterization, for example by using the Open Annotation Data Model, as explained at http://semanticpublishing.wordpress.com/2013/07/03/extending-cito-for-open-annotations/.
history note
A note about the past state/use/meaning of a concept.
The citing entity cites the cited entity, either directly and explicitly (as in the reference list of a journal article), indirectly (e.g. by citing a more recent paper by the same group on the same topic), or implicitly (e.g. as in artistic quotations or parodies, or in cases of plagiarism).
cites
The citation act relates to the entity containing that citation.
has citing entity
editorial note
A note for an editor, translator or maintainer of the vocabulary.
A short informal nickname characterising an agent (includes login identifiers, IRC and other chat nicknames).
is supported by
The cited entity receives intellectual or factual support from the citing entity.
Is Version Of
A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation.
Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format.
provides data for
The cited entity presents data that are used in work described in the citing entity.
An established standard to which the described resource conforms.
Conforms To
Example: We share Galileo's opinion: the Earth moves [X].
agrees with
The citing entity agrees with statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.
Date Issued
Date of formal issuance (e.g., publication) of the resource.
is in semantic relation with
Links a concept to a concept related by meaning.
This property should not be used directly, but as a super-property for all properties denoting a relationship of meaning between concepts.
A summary of the resource.
Abstract
has member list
Relates an ordered collection to the RDF list containing its members.
For any resource, every item in the list given as the value of the skos:memberList property is also a value of the skos:member property.
A method by which resources are added to a collection.
Method of Accrual
has exact match
skos:exactMatch is used to link two concepts, indicating a high degree of confidence that the concepts can be used interchangeably across a wide range of information retrieval applications. skos:exactMatch is a transitive property, and is a sub-property of skos:closeMatch.
skos:exactMatch is disjoint with each of the properties skos:broadMatch and skos:relatedMatch.
The citing entity replies to statements, ideas or criticisms presented in the cited entity.
Example: We will not investigate the issues of the approach proposed in [X] here, but rather we introduce yet another alternative.
replies to
The cited entity contains ideas or conclusions for which the citing entity express derision.
is derided by
A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful.
Audience
supports
Example: We support Galileo's statement [X], that Earth moves.
The citing entity provides intellectual or factual support for statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.
is discussed by
The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are discussed by the citing entity.
is documented by
Information about the cited entity is documented by the citing entity.
References
A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.
scope note
A note that helps to clarify the meaning and/or the use of a concept.
Alternative Title
The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.
An alternative name for the resource.
obtains support from
The citing entity obtains intellectual or factual support from the cited entity.
Example: Our ideas were also shared by Doe et al. [X].
alternative label
An alternative lexical label for a resource.
Acronyms, abbreviations, spelling variants, and irregular plural/singular forms may be included among the alternative labels for a concept. Mis-spelled terms are normally included as hidden labels (see skos:hiddenLabel).
The range of skos:altLabel is the class of RDF plain literals.
Identifier
Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.
is described by
The cited entity is described by the citing entity.
The WGS84 altitude of a SpatialThing (decimal meters above the local reference ellipsoid).
has narrower
Relates a concept to a concept that is more specific in meaning.
Narrower concepts are typically rendered as children in a concept hierarchy (tree).
Relation NTPP(x,y), read as 'x is a non-tangential proper part of y'. This relation holds, whenever a region x is labeled as a proper part of a region y, and they do not share common point in their borders.
Instructional Method will typically include ways of presenting instructional materials or conducting instructional activities, patterns of learner-to-learner and learner-to-instructor interactions, and mechanisms by which group and individual levels of learning are measured. Instructional methods include all aspects of the instruction and learning processes from planning and implementation through evaluation and feedback.
A process, used to engender knowledge, attitudes and skills, that the described resource is designed to support.
Instructional Method
A textual geekcode for this person, see http://www.geekcode.com/geek.html
A homepage of a school attended by the person.
cites as related
The citing entity cites the cited entity as one that is related.
Example: An analysis similar to what we proposed here is presented in [X].
Date Submitted
Date of submission of the resource.
Examples of resources to which a Date Submitted may be relevant are a thesis (submitted to a university department) or an article (submitted to a journal).
Is Format Of
A related resource that is substantially the same as the described resource, but in another format.
The WGS84 latitude of a SpatialThing (decimal degrees).
describes
The citing entity describes the cited entity.
Example: Galileo's book [X] is a dialog among three scientists about Copernicus' eliocentric theory.
Relation TPP(x,y), read as 'x is a tangential proper part of y'. This relation holds, whenever a region x is labeled as a proper part of a region y, and they share at least one common point in their borders, which means that they are externally connected.
Mediator
An entity that mediates access to the resource and for whom the resource is intended or useful.
In an educational context, a mediator might be a parent, teacher, teaching assistant, or care-giver.
The cited entity is cited because the citing article contains speculations on its content or ideas.
is speculated on by
A point, typically described using a coordinate system relative to Earth, such as WGS84.
Uniquely identified by lat/long/alt. i.e. spaciallyIntersects(P1, P2) :- lat(P1, LAT), long(P1, LONG), alt(P1, ALT), lat(P2, LAT), long(P2, LONG), alt(P2, ALT). sameThing(P1, P2) :- type(P1, Point), type(P2, Point), spaciallyIntersects(P1, P2).
The WGS84 longitude of a SpatialThing (decimal degrees).
A plan or course of action by an authority, intended to influence and determine decisions, actions, and other matters.
Policy
Relation NTPPi(x,y), read as 'x non-tangentially properly contains y'. Inverse of the NTPP(x,y) relation.
Although this relation is not a part of the RCC theory, it has been introduced in order to detect relations between regions which are inconsistent with the RCC axioms.
is retracted by
The cited entity is formally retracted by the citing entity.
Example: We do not think that all their arguments in favour of their own and against the other strategies are equally convincing [X].
The citing entity refutes statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.
refutes
A process that is used to engender knowledge, attitudes, and skills.
Method of Instruction
The underlying or 'focal' entity associated with some SKOS-described concept.
Examples include a number of pages, a specification of length, width, and breadth, or a period in hours, minutes, and seconds.
A dimension or extent, or a time taken to play or execute.
Size or Duration
gives background to
The cited entity provides background information for the citing entity.
The citing entity confirms facts, ideas or statements presented in the cited entity.
confirms
Example: Our findings are similar to those published in [X].
is cited as data source by
The cited entity is cited as a data source by the citing entity.
A project this person has previously worked on.
This property is defined in schema.org and has been added for aligning it with CiTO. In particular, schema:citation expresses similar semantics of cito:cites except for the explicit definition of domain and range classes, that are schema:CreativeWork according to schema.org - that's why here has been defined as subclass of cito:cites.
note
A general note, for any purpose.
This property may be used directly, or as a super-property for more specific note types.
Relation EC(x,y), read as 'x is externally connected with y'. This relation holds, when the two regions share at least one common point of their borders, but share no points of their interiors, i.e. they do not overlap.
A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.
Is Referenced By
The set of tags, constructed according to RFC 1766, for the identification of languages.
RFC 1766
The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are corrected by the citing entity.
is corrected by
The set of points in space defined by their geographic coordinates according to the DCMI Point Encoding Scheme.
DCMI Point
has close match
skos:closeMatch is used to link two concepts that are sufficiently similar that they can be used interchangeably in some information retrieval applications. In order to avoid the possibility of "compound errors" when combining mappings across more than two concept schemes, skos:closeMatch is not declared to be a transitive property.
A related resource that is required by the described resource to support its function, delivery, or coherence.
Requires
A location that something is based near, for some broadly human notion of near.
The primary topic of some page or document.
Rights
Typically, rights information includes a statement about various property rights associated with the resource, including intellectual property rights.
Information about rights held in and over the resource.
Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases, or classification codes. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
The topic of the resource.
Subject
An interval of time that is named or defined by its start and end dates.
Period of Time
The sha1sum of the URI of an Internet mailbox associated with exactly one owner, the first owner of the mailbox.
A document that this thing is the primary topic of.
The citing entity cites the cited entity as providing or containing a possible solution to the issues being discussed.
Example: This risk could be avoided using the approach shown in [X].
cites as potential solution
uses data from
Example: Using the information collected from our recent study [X], we can estimate that there are tens of millions of HTML forms with potentially useful deep-web content.
The citing entity describes work that uses data presented in the cited entity.
The cited entity or aspects of its contents are ridiculed by the citing entity.
is ridiculed by
A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.
Rights Holder
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Spatial Coverage
An entity responsible for making the resource available.
Publisher
Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organization, or a service.
A statement about the intellectual property rights (IPR) held in or over a Resource, a legal document giving official permission to do something with a resource, or a statement about access rights.
Rights Statement
The set of labeled concepts specified by the Medical Subject Headings.
MeSH
is compiled by
The cited entity is the result of a compile or creation event using the citing entity.
is updated by
The cited entity presents statements, ideas, hypotheses or understanding that are updated by the cited entity.
An image that can be used to represent some thing (ie. those depictions which are particularly representative of something, eg. one's photo on a homepage).
A project (a collective endeavour of some kind).
gives support to
The cited entity provides intellectual or factual support for the citing entity.
Indicates the name (identifier) associated with this online account.
The citing entity updates statements, ideas, hypotheses or understanding presented in the cited entity.
Example: Earth moves, said Galileo [X]; in addition, we can say now it moves very fast.
updates
A spatial region or named place.
Location
Relation DR(x,y), read as 'x is discrete from y'. In order to prevent an exponential growth of triples when handling large amounts of data, a closed world assumption may also be possible. More precisely, by considering not explicitely connected regions as discrete regions. Moreover, discrete regions, which are not explicitely labeled as externally connected, would be considered disconnected from eachother.
Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the list of Internet Media Types [MIME].
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.
Format
The set of labeled concepts specified by the Library of Congress Subject Headings.
LCSH
Relation TPPi(x,y), read as 'x tangentially properly contains y'. Inverse of the TPP(x,y) relation.
Example: We add to Galileo's findings concerning the Earth [X] that also the Moon moves.
The citing entity extends facts, ideas or understandings presented in the cited entity.
extends
The citing entity cites the cited entity as source of factual evidence for statements it contains.
cites as evidence
Example: We found an unquestionable demonstration of our hypothesis in [X].
A tipjar document for this agent, describing means for payment and reward.
is cited as evidence by
The cited entity is cited for providing factual evidence to the citing entity.
A vocabulary for describing topological relations between features. $Id: spatial# 81 2012-02-05 11:06:49Z non88sense@gmail.com $
A link to the publications of this person.
The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are disputed by the citing entity.
is disputed by
cites as recommended reading
The citing entity cites the cited entity as an item of recommended reading. This property can be used, for example, to describe references in a lecture reading list, where the cited references are relevant to the general topic of the lecture, but might not be individually cited within the text of the lecture. Similarly, it could be used to describe items in a 'Suggested further reading' list at the end of a book chapter.
Example: To our knowledge, [X] is the best source of exercises about UML, making it a valuable proposal for beginners.
A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource.
License
Type
Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCMITYPE]. To describe the file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource, use the Format element.
The nature or genre of the resource.
Ordered Collection
An ordered collection of concepts, where both the grouping and the ordering are meaningful.
Ordered collections can be used where you would like a set of concepts to be displayed in a specific order, and optionally under a 'node label'.
The set of codes listed in ISO 3166-1 for the representation of names of countries.
ISO 3166
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource.
Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organization, or a service.
Contributor
A quotation is a repetition of what someone has said, and is presented "within quotation marks", for example: On June 4th 1940, Winston Churchill made a speech on the radio that has since become famous, that included the words: " we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender"
includes quotation from
The citing entity includes one or more quotations from the cited entity.
Example: As Newton wrote in [X]: "We are like dwarfs standing on the shoulders of giants".
A string expressing what the user is happy for the general public (normally) to know about their current activity.
An agent (eg. person, group, software or physical artifact).
The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are critiqued by the citing entity.
is critiqued by
obtains background from
Example: There is a need for more observational studies and studies using narrative causation to describe the potential contribution of information in problem-solving and decision-making [X]; our work addresses these needs.
The citing entity obtains background information from the cited entity.
Collection
A meaningful collection of concepts.
Labelled collections can be used where you would like a set of concepts to be displayed under a 'node label' in the hierarchy.
The cited entity is cited as providing an authoritative description or definition of the subject under discussion in the citing entity.
is cited as authority by
Relation C(x,y), read as 'x is connected with y'. This relation holds when two regions share a common point. It is the primitive relation in the RCC theory.
A basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated.
Standard
The gender of this Agent (typically but not necessarily 'male' or 'female').
example
An example of the use of a concept.
A Myers Briggs (MBTI) personality classification.
The set of time intervals defined by their limits according to the DCMI Period Encoding Scheme.
DCMI Period
Date Modified
Date on which the resource was changed.
The cited entity is plagiarized by the author of the citing entity, who includes within the citing entity textual or other elements from the cited entity without formal acknowledgement of their source. The cited entity is thus not explicitly cited from within the citing entity, according to the norms of scholarly practice, but is cited implicitly.
is plagiarized by
Date of acceptance of the resource.
Date Accepted
Examples of resources to which a Date Accepted may be relevant are a thesis (accepted by a university department) or an article (accepted by a journal).
A class of entity, defined in terms of progression through an educational or training context, for which the described resource is intended.
Audience Education Level
has reply
The cited entity evokes a reply from the citing entity.
Has Version
A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource.