Instructional Method will typically include ways of presenting instructional materials or conducting instructional activities, patterns of learner-to-learner and learner-to-instructor interactions, and mechanisms by which group and individual levels of learning are measured. Instructional methods include all aspects of the instruction and learning processes from planning and implementation through evaluation and feedback.
A process, used to engender knowledge, attitudes and skills, that the described resource is designed to support.
Instructional Method
Any publications providing relevant information
A bundle contains URIs that are deemed to be the same under some context
Date of acceptance of the resource.
Date Accepted
Examples of resources to which a Date Accepted may be relevant are a thesis (accepted by a university department) or an article (accepted by a journal).
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status.
Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
A process that is used to engender knowledge, attitudes, and skills.
Method of Instruction
Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the name of a Publisher should be used to indicate the entity.
An entity responsible for making the resource available.
Publisher
A second property with the same name as this property has been declared in the dcterms: namespace (http://purl.org/dc/terms/). See the Introduction to the document "DCMI Metadata Terms" (http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/) for an explanation.
The set of conceptual resources specified by the Universal Decimal Classification.
UDC
A detailed description of the mechanism (sufficient to be able to re-create the mechanism)
The set of conceptual resources specified by the Library of Congress Classification.
LCC
Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible.
A bibliographic reference for the resource.
Bibliographic Citation
The Vocabulary of Interlinked Datasets (VoID) is an RDF Schema vocabulary for expressing metadata about RDF datasets. It is intended as a bridge between the publishers and users of RDF data, with applications ranging from data discovery to cataloging and archiving of datasets. This document provides a formal definition of the new RDF classes and properties introduced for VoID. It is a companion to the main specification document for VoID, Describing Linked Datasets with the VoID Vocabulary.
Vocabulary of Interlinked Datasets (VoID)
Resilience concepts are notions which can be applied to the approach which has been taken in building a resilient system
Spatial topic and spatial applicability may be a named place or a location specified by its geographic coordinates. Temporal topic may be a named period, date, or date range. A jurisdiction may be a named administrative entity or a geographic place to which the resource applies. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Thesaurus of Geographic Names [TGN]. Where appropriate, named places or time periods can be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges.
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant.
Coverage
The set of codes listed in ISO 3166-1 for the representation of names of countries.
ISO 3166
The new ReSIST WP2 working group(s) (Assessability, Diversity, Evolvability and Usability) that this mechanism relates to
The set of dates and times constructed according to the W3C Date and Time Formats Specification.
W3C-DTF
A publication providing a formal description of the mechanism
A statement about the intellectual property rights (IPR) held in or over a Resource, a legal document giving official permission to do something with a resource, or a statement about access rights.
Rights Statement
The total number of distinct properties in a void:Dataset. In other words, the number of distinct resources that occur in the predicate position of triples in the dataset.
One of the two datasets linked by the Linkset.
A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful.
Audience
A technical feature of a void:Dataset, such as a supported RDF serialization format.
A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.
Rights Holder
Examples include written, spoken, sign, and computer languages.
A system of signs, symbols, sounds, gestures, or rules used in communication.
Linguistic System
A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource.
License
Mediator
An entity that mediates access to the resource and for whom the resource is intended or useful.
In an educational context, a mediator might be a parent, teacher, teaching assistant, or care-giver.
Has Version
A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource.
This term is intended to be used with non-literal values as defined in the DCMI Abstract Model (http://dublincore.org/documents/abstract-model/). As of December 2007, the DCMI Usage Board is seeking a way to express this intention with a formal range declaration.
A measure of the mean time between failure of a mechanism
The set of conceptual resources specified by the National Library of Medicine Classification.
NLM
The rdfs:Class that is the rdf:type of all entities in a class-based partition.
Examples of Agent Class include groups seen as classes, such as students, women, charities, lecturers.
A group of agents.
Agent Class
This class encapsulates a piece of resilience metadata about a mechanism
A web resource whose foaf:primaryTopic or foaf:topics include void:Datasets.
The objectives of this resilience mechanism
A plan or course of action by an authority, intended to influence and determine decisions, actions, and other matters.
Policy
The value or formula for this specific piece of resilience metadata
Date (often a range) of validity of a resource.
Date Valid
The total number of triples contained in a void:Dataset.
Mechanism categories are broad classifications of different types of mechanism
Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.
Identifier
A method by which resources are added to a collection.
Method of Accrual
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of a resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation.
Provenance Statement
Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as RFC 4646 [RFC4646].
Language
A language of the resource.
A related resource that is required by the described resource to support its function, delivery, or coherence.
Requires
A subset of a void:Dataset that contains only the triples of a certain rdf:Property.
A related resource that is supplanted, displaced, or superseded by the described resource.
Replaces
The set of labeled concepts specified by the Medical Subject Headings.
MeSH
Is Version Of
A related resource of which the described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation.
Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format.
A class of entity, defined in terms of progression through an educational or training context, for which the described resource is intended.
Audience Education Level
An interval of time that is named or defined by its start and end dates.
Period of Time
The set of points in space defined by their geographic coordinates according to the DCMI Point Encoding Scheme.
DCMI Point
A basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated.
Standard
Date of creation of the resource.
Date Created
Knowledge that is required in order to use the mechanism
The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation.
Provenance
DCMI Metadata Terms - other
en_US
website
Turning Shoe Information to Knowledge of Technology and Deals
Take a look at Nike and Adidas Shoe technology, and use Finish Line coupons to save money on athletic shoes and performance apparel
Aktors
A collection of RDF links between two void:Datasets.
The total number of documents, for datasets that are published as a set of individual documents, such as RDF/XML documents or RDFa-annotated web pages. Non-RDF documents, such as web pages in HTML or images, are usually not included in this count. This property is intended for datasets where the total number of triples or entities is hard to determine. void:triples or void:entities should be preferred where practical.
An OpenSearch description document for a free-text search service over a void:Dataset.
Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases, or classification codes. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
The topic of the resource.
Subject
A vocabulary that is used in the dataset.
A spatial region or named place.
Location
A publication providing frequently asked questions (and answers) about the mechanism
Comment about how the mechanism relates to the ReSIST WP2 working group on diversity
A book, article, or other documentary resource.
Bibliographic Resource
An infrastructure requirement that is needed to use the mechanism
Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the list of Internet Media Types [MIME].
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.
Format
A set of RDF triples that are published, maintained or aggregated by a single provider.
A publication providing diagrammatic representations of the mechanism
The way in which the resilience metadata should be acquired
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Spatial Coverage
The three-letter alphabetic codes listed in ISO639-2 for the representation of names of languages.
ISO 639-2
The ways in which the resilience mechanism can fail
Defines a simple URI look-up protocol for accessing a dataset.
Examples include paper, canvas, or DVD.
A physical material or carrier.
Physical Medium
Is Format Of
A related resource that is substantially the same as the described resource, but in another format.
Alternative Title
The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.
An alternative name for the resource.
The total number of entities that are described in a void:Dataset.
Recommended best practice is to identify the related resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
A related resource.
Relation
The type of this piece of resilience metadata
A project that has been involved in the development of this resilience mechanism
Examples of a Creator include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should be used to indicate the entity.
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource.
Creator
A media type or extent.
Media Type or Extent
The described resource may be derived from the related resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to identify the related resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
A related resource from which the described resource is derived.
Source
The Canonical URI that should be used for all URIs in its bundle
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource.
Date may be used to express temporal information at any level of granularity. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as the W3CDTF profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF].
Date
Points to the void:Dataset that a document is a part of.
Indicates technolgies to which this mechanism may be applied
The dataset describing the subjects of triples contained in the Linkset.
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
Temporal Coverage
A duplicate is a URI that denotes the same resource under some context
The key concepts involved in the mechanism
An indication of the units used to record a resilience metadata value
A summary of the resource.
Abstract
ReSIST Resilience Mechanisms Ontology
The ReSIST Resilience Mechanisms Ontology represents metadata oriented descriptions of resilience mechanisms as part of the resilience-explicit computing section of work within the ReSIST project
The definition for the type of resilience metadata
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
RFC 5646 obsoletes RFC 4646.
The set of tags constructed according to RFC 5646 for the identification of languages.
RFC 5646
Applicable mechanism categories, eg Process/Architecture/Tool
A top concept or entry point for a void:Dataset that is structured in a tree-like fashion. All resources in a dataset can be reached by following links from its root resources in a small number of steps.
Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, a table of contents, a graphical representation, or a free-text account of the resource.
An account of the resource.
Description
The set of tags, constructed according to RFC 1766, for the identification of languages.
RFC 1766
The Bundle that contains duplicate URIs for this resource
The extent or range of judicial, law enforcement, or other authority.
Jurisdiction
A legal document giving official permission to do something with a Resource.
License Document
Method of calculating metadata values as a result of other metadata
A publication providing a detailed description of the mechanism (sufficient to be able to re-create the mechanism)
Date Submitted
Date of submission of the resource.
Examples of resources to which a Date Submitted may be relevant are a thesis (submitted to a university department) or an article (submitted to a journal).
The rdf:Property that is the predicate of all triples in a property-based partition.
The set of labeled concepts specified by the Library of Congress Subject Headings.
LCSH
A category of Resilience Mechanisms which are tools
The set of regions in space defined by their geographic coordinates according to the DCMI Box Encoding Scheme.
DCMI Box
The set of media types specified by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority.
IMT
BFT - Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance
The mechanism needs to make a synchrony assumption in order to provide liveness; otherwise it could be used to implement consensus in an asynchronous system, which is not possible. Liveness is guaranteed, i.e., clients eventually receive replies to their requests, provided at most floor((n-1)/3) replicas are faulty and delay(t) does not grow faster than t indefinitely. Here, delay(t) is the time between the moment t when a message is sent for the first time and the moment when it is received by its destination (assuming the sender keeps retransmitting the message until it is received). This is a rather weak synchrony assumption that is likely to be true in any real system provided network faults are eventually repaired, yet it enables the mechanism to circumvent the impossibility result.
In order to cope with Byzantine failure modes, a consensus-based system requires 3m+1 replicas in order to tolerate m independent faults. Various forms of diversity and replication can be used to ensure that faults are independent, depending on the fault hypothesis, but in the worst case, both software and hardware diversity is needed in order to cope with malicious faults.
A practical implementation of Byzantine Fault Tolerance that can be used in asynchronous environments like the Internet. The mechanism guarantees safety, but needs to make a weak synchrony assumption in order to guarantee liveness.
This paper describes a new replication algorithm that is able to tolerate Byzantine faults. We believe that Byzantine-fault-tolerant algorithms will be increasingly important in the future because malicious attacks and software errors are increasingly common and can cause faulty nodes to exhibit arbitrary behavior. Whereas previous algorithms assumed a synchronous system or were too slow to be used in practice, the algorithm described in this paper is practical: it works in asynchronous environments like the Internet and incorporates several important optimizations that improve the response time of previous algorithms by more than an order of magnitude. We implemented a Byzantine-fault-tolerant NFS service using our algorithm and measured its performance. The results show that our service is only 3% slower than a standard unreplicated NFS.
A name given to the resource.
Title
Examples of Agent include person, organization, and software agent.
A resource that acts or has the power to act.
Agent
An RDF dump, partial or complete, of a void:Dataset.
Digital Enterprise Research Institute, NUI Galway
Examples include the formats defined by the list of Internet Media Types.
A digital resource format.
File Format
The total number of distinct objects in a void:Dataset. In other words, the number of distinct resources that occur in the object position of triples in the dataset. Literals are included in this count.
A publication providing examples of the use of the mechanism
The material or physical carrier of the resource.
Medium
The threats to resilience which the mechanism aims to address
Type
Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCMITYPE]. To describe the file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource, use the Format element.
The nature or genre of the resource.
Examples include a number of pages, a specification of length, width, and breadth, or a period in hours, minutes, and seconds.
A dimension or extent, or a time taken to play or execute.
Size or Duration
Defines a regular expression pattern matching URIs in the dataset.
An instance of resilience metadata associated with the mechanism
Date Modified
Date on which the resource was changed.
A publication providing an ontology of concepts relating to the mechanism
The set of places specified by the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
TGN
The set of identifiers constructed according to the generic syntax for Uniform Resource Identifiers as specified by the Internet Engineering Task Force.
URI
The total number of distinct subjects in a void:Dataset. In other words, the number of distinct resources that occur in the subject position of triples in the dataset.
Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity.
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource.
Contributor
An established standard to which the described resource conforms.
Conforms To
Rights
Typically, rights information includes a statement about various property rights associated with the resource, including intellectual property rights.
Information about rights held in and over the resource.
RFC 3066 has been obsoleted by RFC 4646.
The set of tags constructed according to RFC 3066 for the identification of languages.
RFC 3066
Comment about how the mechanism relates to the ReSIST WP2 working group on usability
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford
Coreference Ontology
The coreference ontology is used in the Consistent Reference Service at www.rkbexplorer.com and elsewhere to manage coreference between URIs
Examples of a Creator include a person, an organization, or a service.
The policy governing the addition of items to a collection.
Accrual Policy
The set of time intervals defined by their limits according to the DCMI Period Encoding Scheme.
DCMI Period
Comment about how the mechanism relates to the ReSIST WP2 working group on evolvability
The set of conceptual resources specified by the Dewey Decimal Classification.
DDC
A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource.
Has Part
The frequency with which items are added to a collection.
Accrual Periodicity
The set of three-letter codes listed in ISO 639-3 for the representation of names of languages.
ISO 639-3
A related resource that requires the described resource to support its function, delivery, or coherence.
Is Required By
This class encapsulates a body of knowledge
This class encapsulates a mechanism designed to improve the resilience of a computer based system
A textual description of additional requirements or prerequisites not otherwise captured within the provided properies
A URI that is a common string prefix of all the entity URIs in a void:Dataset.
A related resource that is substantially the same as the pre-existing described resource, but in another format.
Has Format
The dataset describing the objects of the triples contained in the Linkset.
Date (often a range) that the resource became or will become available.
Date Available
A textual description of possible variants of this mechanism to inform domain experts
The ReSIST Project member who has submitted and is the point of contact for this resilience mechanism
A subset of a void:Dataset that contains only the entities of a certain rdfs:Class.
RFC 4646 obsoletes RFC 3066.
The set of tags constructed according to RFC 4646 for the identification of languages.
RFC 4646
Is Replaced By
A related resource that supplants, displaces, or supersedes the described resource.
A file format or physical medium.
Media Type
A list of subunits of the resource.
Table Of Contents
Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1
This class encapsulates a type of resilience metadata about a mechanism
The old ReSIST WP2 working group(s) (Arch, Algo, Socio, Verif and Eval) that this mechanism relates to
A category of Resilience Mechanisms which are architectures
A category of Resilience Mechanisms which are processes
Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organization, or a service.
Method of acquiring metadata by observing the behaviour of the mechanism
The set of classes specified by the DCMI Type Vocabulary, used to categorize the nature or genre of the resource.
DCMI Type Vocabulary
The size or duration of the resource.
Extent
Application domains that the mechanism applies to
A piece of resilience metadata which is related to the reliability characteristics of a mechanism
A location, period of time, or jurisdiction.
Location, Period, or Jurisdiction
The method by which items are added to a collection.
Accrual Method
References
A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.
Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organization, or a service.
The total number of distinct classes in a void:Dataset. In other words, the number of distinct resources occuring as objects of rdf:type triples in the dataset.
A material thing.
Physical Resource
Date Copyrighted
Date of copyright.
Method of acquiring metadata internally within the mechanism
Date Issued
Date of formal issuance (e.g., publication) of the resource.
Comment about how the mechanism relates to the ReSIST WP2 working group on assessability
A rate at which something recurs.
Frequency
Other resilience mechanisms that are related to this one (for example N-Version Programming is related to Recovery Blocks as they have the same purpose)
A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.
Is Referenced By
A method by which metadata can be acquired